bio

Question 1

What is the primary focus of molecular biology?

Answer 1

Study of gene structure and function at the molecular level

Question 2

Which of the following molecules are critical for all life according to molecular biology?

Answer 2

DNA, RNA, and Proteins

Question 3

What is a gene?

Answer 3

The basic physical and functional unit of heredity

Question 4

Who presented the structure of the DNA-helix in April 1953?

Answer 4

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 5

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Answer 5

DNA → RNA → Protein

Question 6

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Answer 6

Nucleotides

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Answer 7

Amino group

Question 8

What is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?

Answer 8

Ribose has an extra oxygen atom at the 2’ position

Question 9

Which of the following bases is found in RNA but not in DNA?

Answer 9

Uracil

Question 10

What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?

Answer 10

Hydrogen bonds

Question 11

Which form of DNA is most commonly found in cells under normal conditions?

Answer 11

B-DNA

Question 12

What is DNA supercoiling?

Answer 12

The over- or under-winding of a DNA strand

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Answer 13

Catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds

Question 14

What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

Answer 14

To read the genetic code and place the correct amino acid in the sequence

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA?

Answer 15

dRNA

Question 16

What is the primary structure of RNA?

Answer 16

The sequence of nucleotides

Question 17

What is a pseudoknot in RNA structure?

Answer 17

A type of tertiary structure

Question 18

Which of the following is true about RNA structure stability?

Answer 18

The number of GC base pairs affects stability

Question 19

What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Answer 19

To carry genetic information that will be expressed as proteins

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic of RNA?

Answer 20

It tends to be single-stranded

Question 21

What is the role of microRNAs (miRNAs)?

Answer 21

To target mRNA for degradation and silence gene expression

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a feature of RNA?

Answer 22

It is double-stranded

Question 23

What is the significance of the 5’ and 3’ ends in nucleic acids?

Answer 23

They define the ends of the polynucleotide chain

Question 24

Which of the following is true about the antiparallel nature of DNA strands?

Answer 24

The strands are complementary and run in opposite directions

Question 25

What is the role of topoisomerases in DNA supercoiling?

Answer 25

They change DNA topology to facilitate functions like replication and transcription

Question 26

Which of the following is a characteristic of Z-DNA?

Answer 26

It has a zigzag arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 27

What is the function of the sugar-phosphate backbone in DNA?

Answer 27

To provide structural support and protect the bases

Question 28

Which of the following is true about the genotype of an organism?

Answer 28

It is the genetic makeup of an organism

Question 29

What is the role of the ribosome in protein synthesis?

Answer 29

To catalyze the formation of peptide bonds

Question 30

Which of the following is true about the structure of RNA?

Answer 30

It can form secondary structures like stem-loops