Bio 2- Nucleic acids Flashcards
(19 cards)
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribose nucleic acid
Is DNA a polymer or a monomer?
Polymer
Name the 4 bases.
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine
What ring structure do Purines have?
2 ring structure
What bases have a purine structure?
Adenine and Guanine
What ring structure do pyrimidines have?
single ring structure
What bases have pyrimidines?
Cytosine and Thymine.
What’s a gene?
A length of DNA that codes for one protein
What are two differences between DNA and RNA?
- single strand for RNA but DNA has double strand
2. Uracil is found in RNA but thymine is in DNA
How is ATP used in metabolic processes?
Provides energy needed to build up macromolecules eg. making starch from glucose
How is ATP used for movement?
Provides energy for muscle contraction. Provides energy for the filaments of muscles to slide past one another and shorten.
How is ATP used in active transport?
Provides energy to change the shape of carrier proteins in plasma membranes.
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
What is ATP?
The nucleotide that is able to store and transport chemical energy within cells.
What bond binds together the nucleotides?
Phosphodiester
What reaction happens when nucleotides join together?
Condensation
Describe the process of DNA replication.
- the enzyme DNA helicase causes the two strands to break.
- free nucleotides that have been activated bind to specific bases
- nucleotides are joined together by DNA polymerase which makes phosphodiester bonds
- all nucleotides are joined together to form a complete polynucleotide chain
How does the phosphodiester backbone help with the stability of DNA?
It protects the more chemically reactive organic bases
How do hydrogen bonds help with the stability of DNA?
They are the strongest type of bonds and link the base pairs together.
