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bio 20-1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Ecology is the study of

A

relationship between organisms and their environments

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2
Q

Ecology links what

A

technology, culture and nature

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3
Q

open system ecosystem

A

allows transfer of energy and matter

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4
Q

closed system ecosystem

A

allows transfer of energy, but NOT matter

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5
Q

isolated system ecosystem

A

doesn’t allow transfer of energy or matter

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6
Q

biosphere

A

atmosphere where living organisms exist

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7
Q

atmosphere

A

gas part of the earth (air)

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8
Q

geosphere/lithosphere

A

solid part of the earth (land)

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9
Q

hydrosphere

A

solid and liquid water part of the earth (oceans/lakes)

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10
Q

Abiotic

A

non-living

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11
Q

biotic

A

living

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12
Q

abiotic components

A

chemical and physical

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13
Q

chemical abiotic components

A

nitrogen, phosphorus, water, and carbon

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14
Q

physical abiotic compnents

A

sun, temp, and wind

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15
Q

biotic components

A

producers, decomposers, consumers

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16
Q

populations

A

groups of organisms (same time, same place, same species)

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17
Q

communities

A

populations that live in the same area at the same time

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18
Q

ecosystems

A

place capable of supporting life, where scientists study the interactions between living and non-living things

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19
Q

biodiversity

A

amount and variety of organisms in an ecosystem

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20
Q

dynamic equilibrium

A

constant change in an ecosystem that doesn’t disturb the entire ecosystem

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21
Q

indicator species

A

species that provides an early warning that there is something affecting the ecosystem

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22
Q

factors that cause disappearance of specific organisms

A

loss of habitat, pollution, climate change, and ultra violet radiation

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23
Q

loss of habitat

A

habitats are destroyed due to human activity

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24
Q

pollution

A

causes poor air and water quality

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25
climate change
causes abiotic conditions to change
26
ultra violet radiation
increases amount of mutations because of damage of the ozone layer
27
first law of thermodynamics
energy cannot be created or destroyed
28
second law of thermodynamics
nothing can ever be 100% efficient
29
where does most energy in the biosphere come from
the sun
30
albedo
amount of energy reflected from a surface
31
earth is what kind of system
closed
32
photosythesis
process where producers capture solar energy and convert it into food
33
cellular respiration
process where consumers break down glucose into CO2 and H2O, releasing usable energy
34
chemosysthesis
captures the energy stored in chemical bonds and converts it into glucose
35
producers are also known as
autotrophs
36
producers make what
their own food
37
photosynthetic producers (photoautotrophs)
use solar energy to convert carbon into carbohydrates (make food using the sun)
38
chemosynthetic producers (chemoautotrophs)
uses energy in inorganic compounds to store energy in glucose without sunlight (make food without sunlight)
39
consumers are also known as
heterotrophs
40
consumers require energy to
consume other organisms for energy
41
primary consumers
herbivores (only eat producers/plants)
42
secondary consumers
carnivores (only eat meat/herbivores and other carnivores)
43
tertiary consumers
eat consumers
44
decomposers
break down dead organisms and waste to return the nutrients back into the ecosystem
45
trophic levels
categories that define how living things gain energy (feeding levels)
46
what are the trophic levels 1-4
1. producers 2. primary consumers 3. secondary consumers 4. tertiary consumers
47
food chain
shows the pathway on how food and energy is transferred
48
food web
interlocking food chains that are more complex and realistic
49
what happens when energy is lost
limits the number of trophic levels that a food web can contain
50
where does energy go as you move up the food chain
used to digest and metabolize, lost as heat, lost as waste, helps with growth
51
what percent of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next
10%
52
ecological pyramids
describes quantitative relationships between trophic levels
53
pyramid of numbers
based on the # of organisms at each trophic level (more grass, less eagles)
54
inverted pyramid of numbers
when there are fewer of the lower trophic levels (less grass, more eagles)
55
pyramid of biomass
dry mass of the organisms at each trophic level
56
inverted pyramid of biomass
more mass at the lower trophic levels
57
pyramid of energy
total amount of energy in each trophic level
58
monocultures/agriculture
ecosystems need to be diverse for stability, but agriculture is when farmers only farm one type of plant which eliminates ecosystems
59
pesticides
eliminates one species, but has lasting effects on others
60
biological amplification/magnification
build up of harmful toxin in organisms as the chemicals are transferred through the food chain
61
water comprises what percent of all plant and animal tissue
more than 50%
62
precipitation
any form of water that falls from the sky
63
infiltration
surface water becomes ground water by moving down through the soil
64
surface run-off
when soil is infiltrated to full capacity, any excess water flows over the land
65
condensation
water vapor returns to liquid form either by saturation (dew) or in clouds by accumulating large water droplets
66
percolation
movement of water through the soil
67
leaching
removal of soluble minerals by percolation
68
evaporation
water ends up as a vapor in the atmosphere by evaporating from ponds, lakes, rivers, and oceans
69
transpiration
movement of water through a plant and it's evaporation from leaves, stems and flowers
70
evaportranspiration
how water vapor ends up in the atmosphere (combined evaporation and transpiration)
71
biogeochemical cycles
routes that chemical nutrients take through the biosphere
72
rapid cycling
substances that cycle quickly between nutrient reservoirs
73
slow cycling
some substances accumulate and are stored for long periods of time in nutrient reservoirs
74
sulfate reducers
convert suflate to sulfide
75
sulfur oxidizers
convert sulfide to elemental sulfur and sulfate
76
acid deposition
precipitation of acidic solutions due to SOx and NOx gases combining with water (acid rain)
77
volcanic activity and human industries
distribute sulfur into the soil, air, and water
78
carbon is found in
inorganic forms

bio 20-1 (1 decks)

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