bio 231 autonomic system Flashcards
(30 cards)
where is the peripheral nervous system located?
everything else
where is the central nervous system located?
brain and spinal cord
somatic nervous system
voluntary control movements (swiping right on dating app)
autonomic nervous system
operates under involuntary movements (sweating, heart beating)
Somatic neurons
sensory neurons convey info (somatic senses: touch pain, temp)
motor neurons innervate skeletal muscles
Autonomic neurons
motor neurons regulate cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands (pupil dilation increasing HR, etc.)
somatic is voluntary
true
autonimic is involuntary
true
what type of tissue does somatic innervate?
skeletal muscle
what type of tissue does autonomic innervate?
cardiac and smooth
what are the Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
- Sympathetic Nervous System
- Parasympathetic Nervous System
- Enteric Nervous System
Which body functions does sympathetic favor and which body functions does it reduce?
- pupils expand (dilate), fast breaths, heart rate increases, gut inactive;
- favors body functions that support vigorous physical activity and rapid production of ATP;
- favors hard physical activity and reduces calmness
Which body functions does parasympathetic favor and which body functions does it reduce?
pupils shrink (constrict), slow breaths, heart beats decrease, gut active; favors relaxed and calm movements and reduces stress and physical activity
Stimulants for Sympathetic innervation
- Physical Stress (exercise)
- Emotional Stress (fear, embarrassment, anger)
Dual innervation
most organs receive nerves from both divisions of ANS (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
Autonomic tone
balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity and is regulated by the hypothalamus in the brain
Dual innervation exceptions
Sweat glands
Spleen
Most blood vessels
Kidneys
How many motor neurons are in somatic pathway? What are they called? Where do they extend from/to?
millions that innervate skeletal muscle
How many motor neurons are in autonomic pathway? What are they called? Where do they extend from/to?
2, preganglionic neuron (extends to autonomic ganglion), postganglionic neuron (extending from autonomic ganglion to the effector (gland, cardiac muscle, bladder))
where is Autonomic ganglion (location of ganglion within both divisions of ANS)
located in the middle
Where does sympathetic originate within the Central Nervous System?
thorocumbular T1-L2
Where does parasympathetic originate within the Central Nervous System?
cranial nerves (3, 7, 9, 10, and S2-S4)
what outflows are associated with sympathetic?
thoracolumbar flow (T1-L3)
what outflows are associated with parasympathetic?
craniosacral flow (S2-S4)
