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Biochem > Bio 446 Exam 1 > Flashcards

Bio 446 Exam 1 Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Clade

A

the group of an ancestor and all it’s descendants

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2
Q

Sister group/taxa

A

each other’s closest relatives

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3
Q

Monophyly

A

groups that form a clade

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4
Q

Paraphyly

A

a group containing a common ancestor, and some, but not all, it’s descendants

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5
Q

Polyphyly

A

group that does not contain common ancestor

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6
Q

Character/trait

A

variable characteristic of an organism, or group of organisms

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7
Q

Character states

A

different forms a character can take

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8
Q

Homology

A

traits inherited from a common ancestor

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9
Q

Analogy

A

characters with multiple, independent evolutionary origins; not helpful indicators of evolutionary relationships

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10
Q

Synapomorphy

A

shared, derived character; diagnose monophyletic groups

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11
Q

Symplesiomorphy

A

shared, ancestral character; diagnose paraphyletic groups

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12
Q

Convergence/parallelism

A

state not due to common ancestry; diagnose polyphyletic groups

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13
Q

Pedicel

A

flower stalk

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14
Q

Receptacle

A

stem tip where parts attach

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15
Q

Calyx

A

collective term for sepals

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16
Q

Sepals

A

outer whorl, usually green; protect, photosynthesize, may attract pollinators

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17
Q

Corolla

A

collective term for petals

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18
Q

Petals

A

often colorful; attract pollinators; absent in wind pollinated species

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19
Q

Perianth

A

calyx + corolla

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20
Q

Androecium

A

all stamens in a flower

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21
Q

Stamens

A

male structures made of filament + anther (pollen = microgametophyte)

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22
Q

Gynoecium

A

all female parts (carpels/pistils)

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23
Q

Carpel

A

female structure enclosing ovules

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24
Q

Carpel structure

A

ovary + style + stigma

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25
Ovule
contains megagametophyte
26
Placenta
ovule attachment tissue
27
Pistil
individual female unit, one or more fused carpels
28
Connate
fusion within a whorl
29
Adnate
fusion across whorls
30
Parietal placentation
ovules on ovary wall
31
Axile placentation
ovules on central septum
32
Free central
axile variation; no septum
33
Basal
axile variation; base of ovary
34
Perfect
both stamens and carpels (bisexual)
35
Imperfect
only one reproductive whorl (unisexual)
36
Hermaphroditic
perfect flowers
37
Monoecious
male & female flowers on same plant
38
Dioecious
male & female flowers on different plant
39
Hypogynous
superior ovary
40
Epigynous
inferior ovary
41
Perigynous
parts appear around the ovary
42
Traits of land plants
cuticle, thick-walled spores, embryo, stomata
43
What was lost in liverworts?
stomata
44
What defines tracheophytes?
trachieds, "true vasculature"
45
What defines byrophytes?
"vascular" tissue
46
What defines Euphyllophytes?
true leaves
47
What defines Spermatophytes?
pollen, seeds
48
Generalized plant life cycle
fertilization, sporophyte, spore, gametophyte, gametes, pollinating
49
Green algae generation dominance
varied
50
Byrophyte generation dominance
gametophyte dominant; sporophyte dependent
51
Fern generation dominance
sporophyte dominant; gametophyte dependent
52
Seed plants generation dominance
sporophyte dominant; gametophyte reduced
53
Angiosperm synapomorphies
carpel enclosing ovules; ovules with 2 integuments (bitegmic ovules); reduced female gametophytes (embryo sac); triploid endosperm; sieve tubes in phloem
54
What defines monocots?
single cotyledon; scattered vascular bundles; parallel leaf venation; singular aperture pollen
55
What defines Eudicots?
tricolpate pollen
56
Magnoliaceae characteristics
simple, entire leaves bisexual flowers with tepals laminar stamens, superior ovary fruit: follicle or samara
57
Ranunculaceae characteristics
usually hermaphroditic flowers superior ovary many stamens fruits: follicle, achene, berry
58
Berberideceae characteristics
flower parts in whorls of 3s (or 4s) 6 sepals and petals valvate anthers (1 valve per anther sac) fruit: berry (sometimes follicle)
59
Betulaceae characteristics
unisexual flowers; monoecious flowers in catkins leaves simple, alt, doubly serrate fruit: nut, samara, achene
60
Fagaceae characteristics
unisexual flowers; monoecious female flowers surrounded by cupule fruit: nut
61
Agamospermy
seed without fertilization
62
Geitonogamy
self pollination of different flowers on the same plant
63
Protandry
functionally male flowers first
64

Biochem (5 decks)

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