Bio 8

Question 1

How does energy flow starting from the sun

Answer 1

sunlight- (photosynthesis) - autotroph - (cellular respiration) - heterotroph

Question 2

Photosynthesis

Answer 2

The process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy and then used to convert inorganic to organic materials

Question 3

Cellular Respiration

Answer 3

A metabolic process by which living organisms harvest the energy in food molecules.

-NOT BREATHING

Question 4

ATP

Answer 4

Adosine triphosphate

Question 5

ADP

Answer 5

Adosine Diphosphate

Question 6

What is ATP and ADP made of

Answer 6

ATP- Adosine base, ribose sugar, three phosphate group
ADP- Adosine base, ribose sugar, two phosphate group

Question 7

ATP versus ADP

Answer 7

ATP has three phosphate groups, by adding a phosphate group to ADP cells assemble ATP

Question 8

How does ATP store energy?

Answer 8

Because all three phosphates are negatively charged, a lot of potential energy in the third phosphate wanting to break apart.

Question 9

When is ATP made?

Answer 9

Constantly, ATP is constantly being assembled and released in a constant cycle, we learned about it during light dependent reactions

Question 10

Can ATP store energy for long amounts of time?

Answer 10

NO! it stores energy for very short amounts of time, to KEEP a lot of energy stored plants use:
GLUCOSE

Question 11

Does ADP store energy?

Answer 11

Yes, but the amount of energy needed to release the energy is so much that the energy stored is really not worth anything

Question 12

How can energy be released?

Answer 12

By breaking chemical bonds

EX: to release energy in ATP, break the bond between 2nd and 3rd phosphate

Question 13

What can energy from ATP be used for?

Answer 13

• carry out active transport
• synthesis of proteins/nucleic acids

Question 14

What is the Photosynthesis equation

Answer 14

6CO2+6H2O => C6H12O6 + 6O2

=> is light energy from the sun gained by chlorophyll

Question 15

How does inorganic materials become high energy organic materials?

Answer 15

the help of light energy

Question 16

Van Helmont?

Answer 16

-1643- experiment- start of photosynthesis investigation

FINDINGS: Plants gain mass from water

Question 17

What was van Helmont’s experiment

Answer 17

• weigh a pot of soil and seeds
• water plant and care for it for 5 years
• weigh again- GAINED MASS, not from soil, must be from water

Question 18

Priestley & Experiment

Answer 18

step 1- fire needs oxygen to burn (candle in glass jar)
step 2- put plant in jar, plants give off oxygen

(1771, finds out plants give off oxygen)

Question 19

Jan Ingenhausz

Answer 19

(1779- finds out plants need sun)

step 1- water plants in light- bubbles
step 2- water plants out of light- no bubbles

Question 20

Where did the parts of the photosynthesis come from?

Answer 20

H2O(van Helmont) + CO2 (Calvin)+ sun(Ingenhausz) = O6H12C6(Helmont) + O2 (Priestely)

Question 21

What are the two main parts of photosynthesis

Answer 21

-light independent- when glucose is actually assembled- CALVIN CYCLE
-light dependent- FIRST PART

Question 22

What are the parts of light dependent reactions (in photosynthesis)

Answer 22

1, pigments in PS2 absorb light and transfer energy to electrons
2. electrons move to PS1 through electron carriers using energy from electrons
3. pigments in PS1 give more energy to electrons which is then used with H+ to change NADP+ to NADPH
4. thykaloid is positively charged, H+ moves through ATP synthase to change ADP to ATP

Question 23

what is PS2 and PS1

Answer 23

PS2 is photosystem 2, and the first step of the light independent reactions in photosynthesis, PS1 was discovered first but is the second step.

Question 24

How do pigments absorb light energy?

Answer 24

ASK

Question 25

How do electrons gain energy and hold it

Answer 25

ASK

Question 26

electron carriers

Answer 26

carriers for high energy electrons- use a little of electron's energy -creates electron transport chain - NADP+

Question 27

What are the parts of the chloroplast?

Answer 27

stroms- space around grana grana- stacks of thylakoids thylakoids- sac like structures in the chloroplast (where independent light reactions occur)

Question 28

What is the point of Photosystem two if photosystem 1 does the sme thing without needing to transport electrons?

Answer 28

The electrons from photosystem 2 power the proton pump the pumps H+ to one side of the membrane then powering the ATP synthase

Question 29

What is the ATP Synthase?

Answer 29

It is a type of protein in the thykaloid membrane that H+ ions pass through - The inside of the thykaloid has a positive charge because of the H+, when the ATP synthase opens up the H+ run through and release energy

Question 30

electron carriers, electron transport chain

Answer 30

Electron carriers are little carriers that carry electrons from one to the other and use up a little of the electron's energy. The passage of one to the other is the electron transport chain.

Question 31

Where do the light independent and dependent reactions occur?

Answer 31

dependent- in stroma- space around outside of grana independent- in thykaloids

Question 32

NADP+

Answer 32

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

Question 33

NADP+ vs. NADPH

Answer 33

NADP+ is the low energy electron carrier which turns into the high energy electron carrier when 2 e- and 1 H+ ion is added -IT BECOMES NADPH

Question 34

What is produced from light dependent reactions

Answer 34

ATP, NADPH, O2

Question 35

What goes into and comes out of the Calvin Cycle

Answer 35

6CO2 + NADPH + ATP (+6 reused 5 carbon molecules)=> 12 3 carbon molecules + H+ + ADP + NADP+

Question 36

rubisco

Answer 36

enzyme used during carbon fixation

Question 37

What are the main factors that impact photosynthesis?

Answer 37

water- lack of water slows photosynthesis light- needs light for energy temperature- enzymes need specific temps