Bio AP Final Flashcards
1
Q
The concentration of what ion is measured by pH?
A
H+ ion
2
Q
Which term refers to the study of the structure of the human body?
A
Anatomy
3
Q
Atomic number is determined by the number of:
A
Protons
4
Q
Characteristic of life that involves creation of a whole new organism:
A
Reproduction
5
Q
Cell membranes are mostly made of which type of organic nutrient?
A
Phospholipids
6
Q
Plane of sections that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions:
A
Frontal
7
Q
Body region known as the neck:
A
Cervical
8
Q
Ears are _____ to the nose.
A
Lateral
9
Q
Plane of section that divides the body into EQUAL right and left portions:
A
Midsagittal
10
Q
Plane of section that divides the body into superior and inferior portions:
A
Transverse
11
Q
Negatively charges subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus:
A
Electrons
12
Q
Which subatomic particle is located outside of the nucleus of the atom?
A
Electrons
13
Q
Chemical bond that involves the electrostatic attraction between charged atoms after the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another:
A
Ionic
14
Q
What type of bond is formed when atoms share electron?
A
Covalent Bond
15
Q
Which characteristic of life involves the breakdown of food substances into simpler forms?
A
Digestion
16
Q
Muscular System
A
The ability of the organism (in part or whole) to move
17
Q
Cardiovascular System
A
The movement of necessary substances to, into, and around cells, and of cellular products and wastes out of and away from cells.
18
Q
Respiratory System
A
The burning or oxidation of food molecules in a cell to release energy, water, and carbon dioxide.
19
Q
Integumentary System
A
Waterproof covering of the body
20
Q
Select the organs of the abdominal cavity.
A
Liver, Pancreas, Small Intestine
21
Q
System that functions to move blood and transport its associated gases, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and heat throughout the body:
A
Cardiovascular
22
Q
Term that means to maintain a relatively stable internal environment:
A
Homeostasis
23
Q
Definition of homeostasis:
A
Maintaining a relatively stable internal environment
24
Q
Word root that means over, excessive, above normal:
A
Hyper-
25
Following sequences place the terms from the simplest to the most complex?
Cells, Tissues, organs, organ system, human body
26
Skin, heart, and brain are examples of the ______ level of organization.
Organ
27
Word segment "peri-" means:
around
28
Word segment "-stasis" means"
Standing still
29
If the pH= 4, is this an acid or a base?
Acid
30
IF the pH=9, is this an acid or a base?
Base
31
A solution very low on the pH scale tends to be a very strong:
Acid
32
Normal pH for human blood
7.40
33
Chemical reaction when a larger molecule breaks down into smaller molecules:
Decomposition
34
Characteristic of DNA:
Tends to be double stranded
35
What is the function of DNA?
Stores the genetic code.
36
Chemical reaction when the parts of 2 different molecules trade positions:
Exchange
37
The weakest bond:
Hydrogen
38
Term that describes a solution with a solute concentration equal to that inside a cell:
Isotonic
39
Neutral pH:
7.0
40
Subatomic particle with no charge:
Neutrons
41
Which type of organic molecule interacts with DNA to conduct protein synthesis?
RNA
42
In all organisms, the basic unit of life is
the cell
43
"Powerhouse" of the cell that generates a large amount of ATP in the presence of oxygen:
Mitochondria
44
An example of anabolism:
Protein synthesis
45
"Anabolism" refers to
chemical reactions that acquire energy
46
Breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules:
Catabolism
47
Helps complete the shape of enzymes to activate them:
Cofactor
48
Buildup of larger molecules by removal of water:
Dehydration synthesis
49
According to base paring rules, in DNA:
G binds with C
| A binds with T
50
An enzyme
a molecule, usually a protein, that speeds the rate of a biochemical reaction by lowering the activation energy.
51
A series of enzyme-controlled reactions leading to formation of a product:
metabolic pathway
52
Metabolism is defined as______.
all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism that support life.
53
Glycolysis requires oxygen. T/F
False
54
Part of the enzyme that is specifically shaped to bind to a certain substrate:
Active site
55
NOT a proper base paring in DNA:
A to G
56
T/F A DNA molecule is double-stranded, consisting of two polynucleotide chains that twist and form a double helix.
True
57
Word segment "histo-" means:
Tissue
58
What are the different types of tissues?
Connective, Epithelial, Muscle, and Nervous
59
Epithelium that can be found in the superficial layer (epidermis) of skin:
Stratified Squamous
60
Epithelium that forms the inner lining of the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine:
Simple Columnar
61
Which type of tissue covers the internal and external surfaces of the body?
Epithelial
62
Term that describes an epithelium with only one layer:
Simple
63
Epithelium that can be found in the outer layer (epidermis) of skin:
Stratified Squamous
64
Epithelium that appears to have many layers, but actually does not:
Pseudostratified Columnar
65
Connective Tissue with a solid matrix that functions to support, protect, and store minerals:
Bone
66
Which type of tissue provides support for other types of tissues?
Connective
67
Connective tissue that stores fat, insulates, and protects against trauma:
Adipose
68
A ____ membrane lines tubes and cavities that open to the outside of the body.
Mucous
69
"Cutaneous Membrane" refers to _____.
Skin
70
Two types of cells mainly found in nervous tissue:
Neurons and Neuroglia
71
T/F The human integumentary system includes skin, nails, hair follicles, and sweat glands.
True
72
Which of these are functions of the skin?
Manufactures vitamin D
| Regulates body temperature
73
Epidermis
Outermost layer of skin, where keratinization occurs.
74
Subcutaneous Layer
Lies beneath the skin, connects it to the muscle layer beneath
75
Dermis
Inner layer of skin, contains nerve receptors and blood vessels.
76
The most superficial layer of skin:
Epidermis
77
Layer of the skin that contains blood vessels:
Dermis
78
T/F Mutations in melanin genes cause a condition called albinism, which includes nonpigmented skin.
True
79
Type of sweat gland that is mainly found in the axillary and groin region whose secretions are responsible for creating body odor:
Apocrine
80
_____ glands are a modified form of sweat gland and produce the substance known as earwax.
Ceruminous
81
T/F Hyperthermia means below normal heat.
False
82
In response to hyperthermia:
Skin blood vessels tend to constrict.
83
Which type of burn involves only the epidermal layer of the skin?
First Degree
84
Characteristic unique to a 2nd degree burn:
Blisters
85
Which level of burn may not be painful due to the destruction of nerve endings?
Third degree burn.
86
Which part of the skeletal system would be found on the axial skeleton?
Skull
87
Your axial skeleton consists of:
Skull, Ribs and Sternum, Spinal column
88
Major function of bone:
Protect internal organs
89
Major function of bones:
Protect softer body parts
| Store Minerals
90
Which of the following group of bones, based on shape, is associated with a correct example?
Long bones - forearm bones
91
The collar bone:
Clavicle
92
The cranium protects the
Brain
93
The modified ends of a long bone that are often covered with cartilage:
Epiphysis
94
The femur is a type of _____ bone.
Long
95
The vertebrae is an example of an(n)
Irregular bone
96
The major bone building cell:
Osteoblast
97
The major bone breaking cell:
Osteoclast
98
Blood cells are produced in the organs of the ______ system.
Skeletal
99
The sternum is a type of _____ bone.
Flat
100
Synathrotic
Immovable Joint
101
Diarthrotic
Freely movable joint
102
Amphiarthrotic
Slightly Movable Joint
103
Type of Joint: HIP
Ball and socket
104
Type of Joint: ELBOW
Hinge
105
Type of Joint: ANKLE
Plane/Gliding
106
Type of Joint: THUMB
Saddle
107
What is the opposite movement of: ELEVATION
Depression
108
What is the opposite movement of: INVERSION
Eversion
109
What is the opposite movement of: PRONATION
Supination
110
What is the opposite movement of: FLEXION
Extension
111
Movement of a body part away from the midline:
Abduction
112
Movement of a body part towards the midline:
Adduction
113
Joints that are considered slightly movable:
Amphiarthrotic
114
Joints are also called
Articulations
115
Joints that are considered freely movable:
Diarthrotic
116
Which type of joint provides the widest range of motion?
Ball and Socket
117
Bones of a synovial joint are held together by
A Joint Capsule
118
Joints....
Bind Bones, Enable body parts to move, and allow bones to grow.
119
A synovial membrane secretes
synovial fluid
120
Which muscle is non striated and has involuntary movement?
Smooth Muscle
121
Which muscle is striated and has voluntary movement?
Skeletal Muscle
122
Which muscle is striated and has involuntary movement?
Cardiac Muscle
123
ATP is needed for muscle:
Relaxation and Contraction
124
Neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle contraction:
Acetylcholine
125
Which neurotransmitter is used by the muscular system?
Acetylcholine
126
Muscle that is involuntary, striated, and singly nucleated:
Cardiac
127
The muscle that controls breathing is the
Diaphragm
128
Connective tissue layer that surrounds whole muscle:
Fascia
129
The muscle that forms the buttock:
Gluteus Maximus
130
A single motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers it controls:
Motor Unit
131
Main types of muscle tissue:
Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac
132
The muscular system is responsible for
Moving the body
133
A muscle located on the anterior part of the chest is the
Pectoralis Major
134
Muscle that is voluntary, striated, and multinucleated
Skeletal
135
Muscle that is involuntary, non-striated, and singly nucleated:
Smooth
136
A nerve composed of fibers that carry impulses from the sense organs to the brain is called a(n)____ nerve.
Afferent
137
Word segment that means "star-like":
Astr-
138
The autonomic nervous system is also called _____.
Involuntary
139
Which of the following systems consists of the brain and spinal cord?
Central Nervous System
140
Neurons that conduct impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands are
Motor Neurons
141
Two types of cells of the nervous system are
Neurons and Neuroglia
142
Three general functions of the nervous system are
Integrative, Motor, and Sensory
143
The nervous system
- Detects changes in the internal or external environment
- Controls the movement of muscles
- Integrates information from several sources and uses it to determine an appropriate response.
144
The supporting framework of the nervous system is composed of
Neuroglial Cells.
145
What is the purpose of the neuroglia?
To insulate, support, and protect neurons.
146
A neuron may have
one axon and many dendrites
147
The peripheral nervous system consists of
The cranial nerves and spinal nerves
148
Part of the nervous system that carries signals from sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
Sensory Division
149
The functional connection between two neurons is a
Synapse
150
Which nervous system function carries impulses to the effectors?
Motor Function
151
Which nervous system carries information to the CNS?
Sensory Function
152
Which neuroglia support the ganglia in the PNS?
Satellite Cells
153
Which neuron structure transmits impulses and releases neurotransmitters at the synapse?
Axon
154
The cortex of the spinal cord is composed of what type of nervous tissue?
White matter
155
Olfactory and gustatory receptors are types of:
Chemoreceptors
156
Receptors for the general senses are found
widely distributed throughout the body
157
Another name for pain receptors
Nociceptor
158
The brain interprets input from sensory receptors as
Perception
159
A pole vaulter keeps track of his position in mid-air through
Proprioceptors
160
What stimulates Chemoreceptors, Pain receptors, and Thermoreceptors?
- Chemoreceptors: stimulated by changes in chemical concentrations
- Pain receptors- stimulated by damage to tissues
- Thermoreceptors- stimulated by temperature changes
161
Pain perceived as located in a body part other than the part stimulated is
Referred Pain
162
The ability to ignore your socks around your ankles demonstrates
sensory adaption
163
Man, that bathroom was a sack of farts! But, after a minute, I didn't even notice it anymore. What happened?
Sensory Adaption
164
Receptors for the special senses are found
Primarily in the head
165
Which flavor can the taste buds sense, in addition to sweet, sour, bitter, and salty?
Umami
166
Which section of the brain contains the auditory area that interprets sound?
Temporal Lobe
167
T/F The sensation of taste is coupled with the sense of touch.
False. Taste is coupled with Smell
168
Which structure secretes tear?
Lacrimal Glands
169
Special sense structure mainly involved with vision:
Retina
170
Growth hormone (GH), prolactin hormone (PR), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) are all secreted by the ______.
Anterior Pituitary
171
"Endocrine" means
Internal Secretion
172
_____ glands are called ductless glands or glands of internal secretion because they deliver their secretions (hormones) directly into the bloodstream.
Endocrine
173
____ glands are those whose secretions must go through a duct to carry them to a body surface or target organ. Some of these glands include sweat, salivary, lacrimal and the pancreas.
Exocrine
174
The hormones produced by the hypothalamus (ADH and oxytocin) are stored in the
Posterior Pituitary Lobe
