Bio cells

Question 1

Cell membrane

Answer 1

Structure: Felxible bilayer of phospholipipds that surrounds the cell.
Function: Gatekeeper, regulates. the exchange of materials with the extracellular enviroment.

Question 2

Cell wall plant only

Answer 2

Structure: rigid and porous cellulose structure found outside the cell membrane.
Function: provides support and protection to the plant cell.

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Structure: The double layer membrane that is perforated by pores. Nuclear lamina is a network of filaments that gives structure to the nucleus.
Function: Contains and protects the genetic material in the form of DNA.

Question 4

Nucleur pore

Answer 4

Structure: A hole in the nucleur membrane.
Function: Selects what goes in and out.

Question 5

Nucleolus or nucleoli

Answer 5

Structure: Round body found CENTER of nucleus.
Function: Makes RIBOSOME parts.

Question 6

Ribosome

Answer 6

Structure: protein complexes with small and large sub unit.
Function:
a) free ribosome, suspended in the cytosol and costruct proteins in it.
b) Attached ribosome, attached to RER. Mostly used for secretion of proteins.

Question 7

Rough Endplasmic Reticulum

Answer 7

Structure: Double membrane channels.
Functions: ER with ribosomes attached to them. As polypeptide chain that makes a protein is synthesized by an attached ribosome. Threaded through the pores in the RER membrane.

Question 8

Nucleoplasm

Answer 8

Structure: fluid found in the nucleus.
Function: Transport medium and helps maintain nucleur shape.

Question 9

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

Structure: double membrane channels
Functions: in the synthesis of lipids, like fatty acids, phospholipids and steroids. Detoxify drugs and alcohol.

Question 10

Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

Structure: stacked folds of membrane.
Function: vesicles arrive from the ER to the golgi with proteins that are modified and stored before being sent to their destinations.

Question 11

Lysosome only in animal cell

Answer 11

Structure: A membrane enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzymes.
Function: enzymes used to digest proteins, polysaccharides, lipids and nucleic acids.
phagocytosis - cell eating suicide sac

Question 12

Vacoule

Answer 12

Structure: Membrane enclosed sac
Function:
a) food vacoule: food particles ingested by phagocytosis are in food vacuoles before fusing with lysosomes for digestion.
b) Contractile vacoule: collects and pumps water out of the cells freshwater protists.
c) Central vacoule: a large vacoule in plant cell that functions in the storage of a cariety of materials like proteins, ions, wastes, pigments, and water.

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

Structure: Enclosed double membrane, inner membrane(cristae) is highly folded to increase surface area. (enzymes needed for cellular respiration in the inner membrane)
Function: the sites of cellular respiration.

Glucose + O2 —–> CO2 + H2O + energy

Question 14

Chloroplast plant cell only

Answer 14

Structure: eenclosed double membrane.
Function: Site of photosynthesis.
chlorophyll gives them the green colour
CO2 + H2O + sunlight —–> O2 + glucose

Question 15

Centrosome

Answer 15

Structure: Barrel shaped and houses 2 centrioles.
Function: Organization of spindles used during cell division of mitosis.

Question 16

Contains a true nucleus

Answer 16

Eukaryotic cell

Question 17

Compact form of DNA found in the nucleus

Answer 17

chromosomes

Question 18

photosynthesis in plants

Answer 18

chloroplast

Question 19

junctions that allows plant cells to exchange cytoplasmic materials

Answer 19

Plasmodesmata

Question 20

Extension of the cytoskeleton that aids in locomotion

Answer 20

Flagellum

Question 21

provides structural support to all cells

Answer 21

cytoskeleton

Question 22

responsible for turning hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

Answer 22

Peroxisomes

Question 23

organelle that produces ribosomes

Answer 23

Nucleus

Question 24

Large space in the plant cell, maintains turgor pressure

Answer 24

central vacoule

Question 25

primitive cell type with no membrane bound organelles

Answer 25

prokaryotic cell

Question 26

2 organelles come together to form _______ to release spindle fibres

Answer 26

Centrioles or centrosomes

Question 27

small membrane enclosed sac that stores and transports different subtances in and out of the cell

Answer 27

vesicle

Question 28

Organelle that contains digestive enzymes and breaks down foreign particles and waste

Answer 28

lysosomes