Bio Ch. 5

Question 1

Phospholipids arranged in a

Answer 1

Bilayer

Question 2

Fluid mosaic model:

Answer 2

mosaic of proteins floats in or on the fluid lipid bilayer like boats on a pond

Question 3

Cellular membranes have four components

Answer 3

1. Phospholipid bilayer
2. Transmembrane proteins
   Flexible matrix, barrier to permeability.
3. Interior protein network
4. Cell surface markers

Question 4

Studying the cell membrane

Answer 4

The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Question 5

Phospholipids
Structure consists of:

Answer 5

-Glycerol
- Two fatty acids attached to the glycerol.
1. Nonpolar
2. hydrophobic (“water-fearing”). - - - - -Phosphate group attached to the glycerol.
1. Polar
2. hydrophilic (“water-loving”).

Question 6

hydrophilic

Answer 6

(“water-loving”)

Question 7

Glycerol

Answer 7

a 3-carbon polyalcohol.
(- Two fatty acids attached to the glycerol)

Question 8

Phospholipids Spontaneously forms a

Answer 8

Bilayer

Question 9

Phospholipid bilayer structure

Answer 9

-Hydrocarbon tails are on the inside.
-Polar head groups are on the outside (toward water).

Question 10

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 10

-Bilayers are fluid
-Hydrogen bonding of water to itself and to polar heads, holds the layers together
-Individual phospholipids and unanchored proteins can move through the membrane

Question 11

Membrane proteins

Answer 11

1. Transporters
   
   2. Enzymes
   3. Cell-surface receptors
   4. Cell-surface identity markers
   5. Cell-to-cell adhesion proteins
   6. Attachments to the cytoskeleton

Question 12

Structure relates to

Answer 12

function
- Have common structural features related to their role as membrane proteins

Question 13

Peripheral proteins

Answer 13

Anchoring molecules attach membrane protein to surface.

Question 14

Pores

Answer 14

• Extensive nonpolar regions within a transmembrane protein can create a pore through the membrane
• Interior is polar and allows water and small polar molecules to pass through the membrane.

Question 15

Passive transport is

Answer 15

movement of molecules through the membrane in which

Question 16

Passive transport

Answer 16

• No energy is required
• Molecules move in response to a concentration gradient.

Question 17

Diffusion is

Answer 17

movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration

Question 18

Diffusion

Answer 18

Will continue until the concentration is the same in all regions.

Question 19

Active transport

Answer 19

Movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane
From a region of lower concentration to a region of higher common

Question 20

Cells obtain energy during

Answer 20

Cellular respiration

Question 21

Oxidation

Answer 21

Removal of hydrogens from a molecule

Question 22

Hydrogen consists of a 1 proton and an 1 electron, so what happens during oxidation

Answer 22

1 proton and electron are removed

Question 23

Sucrose products

Answer 23

Glucose and fructose

Question 24

Metabolism

Answer 24

Total of all chemical reactions. Arrived out by an organism

Question 25

Anabolism

Answer 25

Chemical reactions that expend energy to build up molecules

Question 26

Catabolism

Answer 26

Reactions to harvest energy by breaking down Molecules

Question 27

Kinetic energy

Answer 27

Energy associated with the motion of an object

Question 28

Potential energy

Answer 28

Energy stored in an object due to its position

Question 29

Anabolic reaction ______ NADH and ATP.

Answer 29

Consume

Question 30

Catabolic reaction ______ NADH and ATP

Answer 30

Produce

Question 31

____ reactions release energy by breaking down molecules

Answer 31

Catabolic

Question 32

_____ reactions use energy to build up molecules.

Answer 32

Anabolic

Question 33

The product from one reaction served as the substrate for the next reaction

Answer 33

Biochemical pathways

Question 34

Often the product when an organic molecule is oxidized

Answer 34

CO2

Question 35

What are fats primarily broken down and converted into so that energy stored within these molecules can be harvested?

Answer 35

Acetyl-CoA

Question 36

Inhibitor of key enzyme in glycolysis

Answer 36

ATP - acts as an inhibitor

Question 37

In glycolysis, glucose is converted to…

Answer 37

Pryvate

Question 38

The net result of a single round of glycolysis is the formation of

Answer 38

2 NADH and 2 ATP

Question 39

____ required during the first phase of glycolysis

Answer 39

2 ATP

Question 40

To ATP are required during first phase of guy causes in order to create a high energy molecule that will split spontaneously into

Answer 40

Two 3-Carbon molecules