Bio Ch 5 Vocab

Question 1

somatic cells

Answer 1

body cells

Question 2

mitosis

Answer 2

division of nucleus

Question 3

cytokinesis

Answer 3

division of cytoplasm

Question 4

apoptosis

Answer 4

programmed cell death

Question 5

cell cycle

Answer 5

orderly set of stages that take place between time a cell divides and the time the resulting cells also divide

Question 6

interphase

Answer 6

time when cell carries on its usual functions

Question 7

cyclin

Answer 7

signal that increases and decreases as cel cycle continues

Question 8

chromatin

Answer 8

the DNA within a nucleus is a tangled mass of thin threads

Question 9

chromosomes

Answer 9

chromotome coils, loops, and condenses to form highly compacted structures

Question 10

diploid

Answer 10

2n. Each species has a characteristic chromosome number

Question 11

haploid

Answer 11

n. Half the diploid number

Question 12

duplicated chromosome

Answer 12

two sister chromosomes held together

Question 13

prophase

Answer 13

apparent during early prophase that cell division will occur

Question 14

metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Answer 14

mitosis in cells

Question 15

cleavage furrow

Answer 15

an indentation of the membrane between 2 daughter nuclei

Question 16

mitosis

Answer 16

making of genetically identical cells

Question 17

meiosis

Answer 17

reduces the chromosome number in such a way that the daughter nuclei receive only one of each kind of chromosome

Question 18

homologous chromosomes/homologues

Answer 18

members of a pair of chromosomes

Question 19

gametes

Answer 19

sex cells

Question 20

fertilization

Answer 20

restores the diploid number of chromosomes in a cell that will develop into a new individual

Question 21

genetic recombination

Answer 21

occurs through crossing over and independent assortment of chromosome pairs

Question 22

crossing over

Answer 22

an exchange of genetic material occurs between the nonsister chromatids of the homologues

Question 23

independent assortment

Answer 23

homologuous chromosomes undergo this during anaphase 1, and all possible combos of chromosomes occur in the daughter nuclei

Question 24

interkinesis

Answer 24

the period of time between meiosis 1 and meiosis 2. No replication of DNA occurs

Question 25

nondisjunction

Answer 25

failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during anaphase 1, or the failure of sister chromatids to separate during anaphase 2.

Question 26

occurrence of meiosis

Answer 26

only at certain times in the life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms

Question 27

zygote

Answer 27

haploid sperm and haploid egg

Question 28

spermatogenesis

Answer 28

occurs in testes and produces sperm

Question 29

oogenesis

Answer 29

occurs in ovaries and produces eggs

Question 30

secondary spermatocytes

Answer 30

primary spermatocytes divide during 1st meitotic division

Question 31

spermatids

Answer 31

when secondary spermatocytes divide during second meiotic division to produce 4 spermatids

Question 32

secondary oocyte

Answer 32

one of the cells from the first meiotic dvision; receives almost all cytoplasm

Question 33

polar body

Answer 33

nonfunctioning cell

Question 34

egg

Answer 34

when secondary oocyte divides unequally