bio chap3

Question 1

monosaccahride

Answer 1

simple sugars, the simplest forms of sugar and the most basic units from which all carbohydrates are built.

Question 2

disaccharide

Answer 2

ugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage. Like monosaccharides, disaccharides are simple sugars soluble in water. Three common examples are sucrose, lactose, and maltose. Disaccharides are one of the four chemical groupings of carbohydrates.

Question 3

polysaccharide

Answer 3

he most abundant carbohydrates found in food. They are long chain polymeric carbohydrates composed of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages.

Question 4

what do polysaccharides function as?

Answer 4

storage molecule and structural compounds

Question 5

what do disaccharides function as?

Answer 5

body energy source

Question 6

How are disaccharides formed?

Answer 6

monosaccharides bond using hydrolysis and create disaccharides

Question 7

What do monosaccharides function as?

Answer 7

the body’s energy needs

Question 8

How is dissacharide sucrose formed?

Answer 8

combining a fructose monomer and a glucose monomer

Question 9

how is disaccharide maltose formed?

Answer 9

formed by two glucose monomers

Question 10

What are starches and glycogen ?

Answer 10

polysaccharides

Question 11

What do plants use for energy storage ?

Answer 11

starch

Question 12

what do animals use as energy storage ?

Answer 12

glycogen

Question 13

what is starch and glycogen composed of?

Answer 13

glucose monomers

Question 14

What is cellulose ?

Answer 14

glucose polymer that forms plant cell walls and is a carbohydrate used for structure

Question 15

What is a chitin ?

Answer 15

A polysaccharide used by insects to form an exoskeleton and is found in the cell walls of fungi

Question 16

What are lipids ?

Answer 16

hydrophobic compounds used in long term energy storage, that consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms linked together by nonpolar covalent bond

Question 17

What are fats, oils, steroids, and waxes ?

Answer 17

lipids

Question 18

What are fats ?

Answer 18

Called triglycerides, they are large lipids made from glycerol and fatty acids. Contains one glycerol linked to three fatty acids

Question 19

how does a fatty acid link to glycerol ?

Answer 19

dehydration reaction

Question 20

Fatty acids that have one or more double bonds are called…

Answer 20

unsaturated fatty acids

Question 21

What do double bonds cause in lipids ?

Answer 21

A kink in the tail that prevents it from solidifying at room temp

Question 22

Unsaturated fatty acids are….

Answer 22

fats that contain the maximum amount of hydrogen- solid

Question 23

What happens when hydrogen is added to unsaturated fats ?

Answer 23

The hydrogen makes the fat saturated- also called hydrogenated- trans fats

Question 24

What does hydrogenation cause ?

Answer 24

trans fats

Question 25

What is a major component of cell membranes ?

Answer 25

phospholipids

Question 26

What is the function of steroids ?

Answer 26

signaling molecules that compose cell membranes

Question 27

What is the purpose of lipids ?

Answer 27

storing energy

Question 28

What is the purpose of phospholipids ?

Answer 28

membrane bilayer that protects the cell