bio chapter 2 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Consider acetic acid—the distinctive ingredient of vinegar—which can undergo the following reaction
dissociation
A molecule that is capable of releasing (donating) a hydrogen ion
acid
What do you call this chemical formula OH−
Hydroxyl ion
What do you call this chemical formula —NH2
Amino group
Any molecule that is capable of accepting a proton
Base
The term when the acid loses a proton it becomes a base
conjugate base of the acid
The term when a base accepts a proton, it forms an acid
conjugate acid of that base.
Example of an amphoteric molecule
Water
One that can serve as both an acid and a base
Amphoteric molecule
What do you call this chemical formula CH3COOH
Acetic acid
Compounds that react with free hydrogen or hydroxyl ions, thereby resisting changes in pH
Buffers
The bulk of an organism
Water
This means a chemical with a structure based on carbon-carbon bonds, whether or not the chemical ever occurs inside living organisms.
Organic
The simplest group of organic molecules
Hydrocarbons
These are the two most common linkages between functional groups
Ester bonds and amide bonds
which form between carboxylic acids and alcohols
ester bonds
which form between carboxylic acids and amines
amide bonds
The compounds formed along the pathways leading to the end products might have no function per se
metabolic intermediates.
The molecules that form the structure and carry out the activities of cells are huge, highly organized molecules
Macromolecules
Four major categories of Macromolecules:
proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and certain lipids
composed of a large number of low-molecular-weight building blocks
polymers
a molecule of any of a class of compounds, mostly organic, that can react with other molecules to form very large molecules, or polymers
monomers
the process to create polymers
polymerization
It is the splitting of a bond by water
Hydrolysis
