Bio chapter 2

Question 1

A small chemical that makes up a polymer

Answer 1

Monomer

Question 2

A molecule composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules

Answer 2

Polymers

Question 3

A compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

Answer 3

Carbohydrates

Question 4

A subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Answer 4

Nucleotide

Question 5

Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

Answer 5

Nucleic acids

Question 6

Macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Answer 6

Protein

Question 7

Compounds with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end

Answer 7

Amino acids

Question 8

The process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

Answer 8

Chemical reaction

Question 9

Elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction

Answer 9

Reactants

Question 10

Elements or compounds produced by chemical reactions

Answer 10

Products

Question 11

Energy input that is needed for a reaction to begin

Answer 11

Activation energy

Question 12

A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Answer 12

Catalyst

Question 13

Protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions

Answer 13

Enzymes

Question 14

Reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Answer 14

Substrate

Question 15

The basic unit of matter

Answer 15

Atom

Question 16

The center of an atom

Answer 16

Nucleus

Question 17

Negatively charged particle

Answer 17

Electron

Question 18

Pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Answer 18

Element

Question 19

A form of a single element, which contains the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Answer 19

Isotope

Question 20

Substance formed by the chemical combo of two or more elements

Answer 20

Compound

Question 21

Chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Answer 21

Ionic bond

Question 22

Atom that has a positive or negative charge

Answer 22

Ions

Question 23

Type of bond between atoms in which electrons are shared

Answer 23

Covalent bond

Question 24

Smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound

Answer 24

Molecule

Question 25

A slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules

Answer 25

Van der Waals forces

Question 26

Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom

Answer 26

Hydrogen bond

Question 27

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

Answer 27

Cohesion

Question 28

Force of attraction between different kinds of molecules

Answer 28

Adhesion

Question 29

Material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined

Answer 29

Mixture

Question 30

Type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed

Answer 30

Solution

Question 31

Substance that dissolved in a solution

Answer 31

Solute

Question 32

Dissolving substance in a solution

Answer 32

Solvent

Question 33

Mixture of water and nondissolved material

Answer 33

Suspensions

Question 34

Scale with values 0-14 that measures the concentration of H+ ions in a solution

Answer 34

pH scale

Question 35

Compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution; a pH less than 7

Answer 35

Acid

Question 36

Compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution; pH more than 7

Answer 36

Base

Question 37

Compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH

Answer 37

Buffers