Bio Chapter 6

Question 1

T/F- All energy comes from the sun

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Organisms must be able to convert said energy from sunlight into chemical energy, known as

Answer 2

Photosynthesis

Question 3

What are the 2 main ingredients for photosynthesis?

Answer 3

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 4

a chemical process that:
primarily occurs in mitochondria
Harvests energy stored in organic molecules
Uses oxygen
Generates ATP

Answer 4

Cellular Respiration

Question 5

The main way that chemical energy is harvested from food and converted to ATP is an aerobic or anaerobic process?

Answer 5

Aerobic, which requires oxygen

Question 6

Occurs when enough oxygen reaches cells to support their energy needs

Answer 6

Aerobic Metabolism

Question 7

Occurs when the demand for oxygen is greeted than the body’s ability to deliver it

Answer 7

Anaerobic Metabolism

Question 8

What is a difference between fermentation in human muscles and fermentation in yeast?

Answer 8

In human muscle cells lactic acid is produced, while the yeast produces ethyl alcohol

Question 9

What stage of cellular respiration takes place in the cytosol?

Answer 9

Glycosis

Question 10

Which stage of cellular respiration yields the greatest amount of ATP?

Answer 10

Electron Transport Chain

Question 11

In which stage of cellular respiration is pyruvic acid produced?

Answer 11

Glycosis

Question 12

T/F- Fats, Glycerol, Protein, and Glucose can be broken down to generate ATP?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

An organism that utilizes light energy or inorganic compounds to meet their energy requirements

Answer 13

Autotroph

Question 14

The citric acid cycle is considered a cycle because the last product is-

Answer 14

used in the first reaction to start the cycle over again

Question 15

A drug that blocks the electron transport chain would probably cause an organism to?

Answer 15

Make insufficient ATP to survive

Question 16

What do glycolysis and the citric acid cycle have in common?

Answer 16

They both directly produce 2 ATP

Question 17

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration connected?

Answer 17

The products of photosynthesis are the reactants in cellular respiration and vice versa

Question 18

While serving as visiting professor on the planet Freedonia, with infinite resources available to you, you decide to try implanting mitochondria into alien bacterial cells that can perform only glycolysis.
Assuming your experiment is successful, what result would you predict?

Answer 18

An increase in ATP yield per glucose molecule

Question 19

Fermentation ensures a steady supply of NAD+ for proper glycolytic functioning during periods of low oxygen levels in muscles. What is the role of *** in muscle metabolism?

Answer 19

Fermentation

Question 20

Difference between the use of the term cellular respiration and respiration in biology is?

Answer 20

Cellular respiration refers only to the breakdown of energy-rich molecules to produce ATP+; respiration can refer to breathing

Question 21

T/F- Glycolysis requires oxygen to function

Answer 21

False, it does NOT require oxygen

Question 22

T/F- Glycolysis produces ATP and occurs in the cytoplasm

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Anaerobic respiration occurs when_____?

Answer 23

Oxygen is not present

Question 24

Why are protons (H+) pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 24

Their movement back across the membrane generates ATP

Question 25

The preferred source of energy for glycolysis is?

Answer 25

Glucose

Question 26

The aerobic harvesting of chemical energy from organic fuel molecules

Answer 26

Cellular Respiration

Question 27

List how the following items depict the correct order of how molecules move through cellular respiration. pyruvic acid, acetic acid, CoA, acetyl CO, glucose

Answer 27

glucose, pyruvic acid, acetic acid, acetyl CO, and CoA

Question 28

T/F- Lactic acid is produced by yeast fermentation?

Answer 28

False, it is NOT

Question 29

Which of the following allows for ATP to be produced with the electron transport chain? A) H+ concentration gradient B) OH+ concentration gradient C)Acetyl- CoA D)NAD+

Answer 29

A- H+ concentration gradient

Question 30

T/F- cellular respiration ONLY occurs in animals

Answer 30

False, it can occur in both plants and animals, but plants can also use the process of photosynthesis.

Question 31

Not all of the energy harvested during the chemical breakdown of food molecules is captured and stored in ATP. What happens to the rest of the energy?

Answer 31

It is released as heat

Question 32

What is the correct order of cellular respiration?

Answer 32

Glycolysis- citric acid cycle- electron transport chain

Question 33

T/F- Citric acid cycle- 2 CO2, ATP, 3 NADH, FADH2

Answer 33

True

Question 34

If the amount of oxygen required by your muscles during a workout exceeds your aerobic capacity, your muscle cells will switch to **aerobic or anaerobic** respiration and produce ___ acid.

Answer 34

anaerobic and lactic acid

Question 35

Respiration describes the exchange of gases between your blood and the outside air. Cellular respiration produces?

Answer 35

ATP

Question 36

In muscle cells, fermentation produces what 2 things?

Answer 36

lactase and NAD+

Question 37

What do plants have to take in to carry out photosynthesis?

Answer 37

Both carbon dioxide and water obviously plants take out carbon dioxide from air

Question 38

Anaerobic respiration produces a maximum of ** ATP per glucose. What is the number?

Answer 38

2

Question 39

Cellular respiration requires fuel (glucose) and oxygen gas. The main process that produces these inputs is___?

Answer 39

Photosynthesis

Question 40

Which part of the cellular respiration requires oxygen gas?

Answer 40

The Citric Acid Cycle and The Electron Transport Chain

Question 41

What is the most important output of glycolysis?

Answer 41

Two pyruvic acid and two NADH molecules

Question 42

Unlike the Citric Acid cycle and electron transport, glycolysis occurs where?

Answer 42

in the cytoplasm

Question 43

Glycolysis is the multi-step breakdown of____. Several different ___ play a role in the process.

Answer 43

glucose ; enzymes

Question 44

What is the name of the process in which pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid?

Answer 44

Fermentation

Question 45

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

Answer 45

Cytosol

Question 46

The main function of cellular respiration is to?

Answer 46

Make ATP to power cell activities

Question 47

Most of the ATP production during cellular respiration occurs from activity of the?

Answer 47

ATP synthase machine

Question 48

The electron transport chain of cellular respiration is a series of electron carrier molecules. Where are these molecules located in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 48

The inner membrane of the mitochondria

Question 49

An important end product of cellular respiration is___?

Answer 49

Water

Question 50

Chemical reactions that require oxygen are called___ while those that do NOT require oxygen are considered ___?

Answer 50

Aerobic and Anaerobic

Question 51

During aerobic respiration, molecular oxygen (O2) is used at the end of _____ to accept electrons and form H2O.

Answer 51

Electron Transport Chain

Question 52

Fermentation is essentially glycolysis plus an extra step in which the pyruvic acid is reduced to form lactic acid or alcohol and carbon dioxide. The last step enables the cell to recycle what?

Answer 52

NAD+

Question 53

The energy given up by electrons as they move through the electron transport chain is used to pump ____through a membrane.

Answer 53

H+

Question 54

Photosynthesis stores energy in organic molecules, and cellular respiration releases it.

Answer 54

The relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration just memorize