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biology 9 > Bio Chem- Carbs > Flashcards

Bio Chem- Carbs Flashcards

To understand what carbs are

1
Q

organic compounds

A

must contain carbon and hydrogen that are bonded to each

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2
Q

carbon

A

is small
can form single, double, or triple bonds
can form 4 bonds and has 4 valence electrons for this
can form rings and chains
can make nonpolar molecules

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3
Q

what are the 4 types of macromolecules

A

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acid

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4
Q

What are carbohydrates used for

A

used for an energy source, plant structures (fiber) and are cell markers for the immune system

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5
Q

what is the main unit of carbs

A

glucose

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6
Q

monomer

A

one unit

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7
Q

polymer

A

many units

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8
Q

What makes up polymers

A

many monomers

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9
Q

monosaccharides

A

one unit of sugar (simple sugars)

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10
Q

polysaccharides

A

many units of sugar

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11
Q

types of monosaccharides

A

glucose and fructose

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12
Q

disaccharides

A

double sugar

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13
Q

glucose + glucose

A

maltose

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14
Q

glucose + fructose

A

sucrose

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15
Q

simple carbs

A

these are digested instantly

monosaccharides

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16
Q

complex carbs

A

these are stored in for later use
these are not digested instantly
polysaccharides

17
Q

condensation synthesis

A

2 monomers come together to form a dimer or a polymer Water is removed leaving only 1 oxygen

18
Q

hydrolysis

A

2 monomers are broken apart

Water is added

19
Q

what are the 3 polysaccharides for carbohydrates

A

starch
glycogen
cellulose (fiber)

20
Q

where is starch found

A

plants

21
Q

where is cellulose found

A

plants

22
Q

where is glycogen found

A

animals

23
Q

is cellulose a fuel source or a plant source

A

cellulose is a plant source

24
Q

is starch a fuel source or a plant source

A

starch is a fuel source

25
Q

is glycogen a fuel source or a plant source

A

glycogen is a fuel source

26
Q

linear

A

stacks evenly
more dense
a solid

27
Q

not linear

A

doesn’t stack evely
twisted and coiled
less dense
a liquid

28
Q

starch and cellulose are

A

linear

29
Q

glycogen

A

not linear

30
Q

is glycogen digestible

A

yes , b/c of enzymes

31
Q

is cellulose digestible

A

no

32
Q

is starch digestible

A

yes, b/c of enzymes

33
Q

how do animals get glucose

A

bacteria in the stomach

34
Q

why are carbohydrates polar

A

b/c sugar dissolves in water

biology 9 (5 decks)

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