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Bio | Chemical Basis of Life Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

compounds without carbon or hydrocarbons

usually not part of cell structure but involved in cellular function

A

Inorganic Compounds

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2
Q

most abundant inorganic compound

A

water

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3
Q

medium of transport for food, minerals, and other substances in the living system

a polar covalent molecule

has strong hydrogen bonding

a versatile solvent

A

water

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4
Q

substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) in water solution

A

Acids

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5
Q

Acids turns litmus paper from _____ to ______

A

Acids turn BLUE litmus paper to RED

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6
Q

substances that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in water solution

A

Base

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7
Q

Give the 4 inorganic compounds

A
  1. Water
  2. Acids
  3. Base
  4. Salts
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8
Q

Base turns litmus paper from _____ to ______

A

Base turns RED litmus paper to BLUE

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9
Q

result of the chemical combination of acid and base by neutralization

A

salt

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10
Q

Compounds that contain hydrocarbons or ccarbons bonded to hydrogen

A

Organic Compounds

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11
Q

Give 4 organic compounds

A
  1. Protein
  2. Nucleic Acids
  3. Carbohydrates
  4. Lipids
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12
Q

the most abundant organic compound

essential in building and repairing cell tissues

A

proteins

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13
Q

What monomers make up protein?

A

Amino Acids

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14
Q

What bond joins amino acid to make up protein?

A

Peptide Bonds

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15
Q

Functions of protein (8)

A
  1. catalyze reactions
  2. protect against disease
  3. storage of amino acids
  4. transport molecules
  5. coordinate body activities
  6. respond to stimuli
  7. for locomotion
  8. form structures
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16
Q

Special proteins that hasten or speed up chemical reactions

A

Enzymes

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17
Q

Factors that affect enzymes

A

pH
temperature
substrate concentration
enzyme concentration

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18
Q

controls the organization of enzymes

determine all chemical activities and reactions of the cell

A

Nucleic acids

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19
Q

structural unit of nucleic acids

A

Nucleotide

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20
Q

Composition of a nucleotide

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A
  1. Phosphate group
  2. Pentose Sugar
  3. Nitrogenous base
21
Q

what is the pentose sugar in DNA

22
Q

bases contained in DNA

Study These Flashcards
A

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

23
Q

the pentose sugar in RNA

Study These Flashcards
A

pentose sugar

24
Q

bases contained in RNA

Study These Flashcards
A

adenine
guanine
cytosine
uracil

25
chief energy source in all organisms
carbohydrates
26
a carbohydrate that consists of 1 sugar unit
Monosaccharides
27
dextrose or blood sugar
glucose
28
sweetest sugar found in fruits
Fructose
29
found in milk
Galactose
30
consists of 2-10 sugar units
Oligosaccharides
31
consists of two sugar units
Diasaccharides
32
a common table sugar glucose + fructose
Sucrose
33
2 glucose units malt sugar used to make beer
Maltose
34
glucose + galactose
lactose
35
Multiple sugat units
Polyysaccharides
36
storage carbohydrate in PLANTS
Starch
37
storage carbohydrate in ANIMALS
Glycogen
38
structural polysaccharides found in plant cell walls
cellulose
39
found in fungal cell walls and exoskeletons of arthropods
chitin
40
non-strach polysaccharides that help in digestion
dietary fiber
41
highest energy giving food in the body
lipids
42
fats and oils glycerol backbone + three fatty acids
Triglycerides
43
linear, solid in temperature, usually from animal source
saturated fats
44
bent, liquid at room temperature, usualy from plant sources
unsaturated fats
45
cell membrane component contains polar phosphorus heads and non-polar lipid tails
Phospholipids
46
composed of four fused carbon rings
steroids
47
testosterone, estradiol
sex hormones
48
green pigment found in plants
chlorophyll
49
orange pigment found in plants
carotene

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