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Biology Grade 10 > bio circ and resp > Flashcards

bio circ and resp Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What is the circulatory system also known as?

A

Cardiovascular system

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2
Q

What are the three main functions of the circulatory system?

A
  • Transportation
  • Homeostasis
  • Protection
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3
Q

What are the three major parts of the circulatory system?

A
  • Heart
  • Blood vessels
  • Blood
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4
Q

What is the function of the heart?

A
  • Pump blood throughout the body
  • Keep oxygen-rich blood separate from oxygen-poor blood
  • Keep blood flowing in one direction
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5
Q

What are the two upper chambers of the heart called?

A

Atria

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6
Q

What are the two lower chambers of the heart called?

A

Ventricles

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7
Q

What separates the left and right sides of the heart?

A

Septum

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8
Q

What is the role of the pulmonary vein?

A

Carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium

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9
Q

What does the aorta do?

A

Carries oxygen-rich blood away from the left ventricle to all regions of the body except the lungs

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10
Q

What type of valve is the bicuspid valve?

A

Left AV (atrioventricular) valve or mitral valve

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11
Q

What is the pathway of blood through the heart?

A
  • Right atrium
  • Right ventricle
  • Pulmonary system
  • Left atrium
  • Left ventricle
  • Aorta
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12
Q

What controls the heartbeat?

A

Electrical signals originating in the heart itself

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13
Q

What is the function of the SA node?

A

Generates electrical signals that cause the atria to contract

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14
Q

What does an electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) measure?

A

The change in voltage of electrical signals produced by the SA and AV nodes

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15
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The pressure exerted against blood vessel walls as blood passes through the vessels

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16
Q

What is the normal range for blood pressure?

A

120/80 mmHg

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17
Q

What does maximum heart rate equal?

A

220 - age

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18
Q

What are the three main types of blood vessels?

A
  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries
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19
Q

What do arteries carry?

A

Oxygen-rich blood away from the heart

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20
Q

What do veins carry?

A

Oxygen-poor blood toward the heart

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21
Q

What is the smallest type of blood vessel?

A

Capillaries

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22
Q

What is the role of red blood cells?

A

Transport oxygen using hemoglobin

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23
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

Protect the body from infection

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24
Q

What are platelets responsible for?

A

Blood clotting

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25
What is the first step in blood clotting?
Injury to a blood vessel
26
What do macrophages do?
Engulf pathogens and foreign bodies
27
What do lymphocytes produce?
Antibodies
28
What is the purpose of vaccines?
Stimulate antibody production against a pathogen
29
What is the act of taking air into and out of the body called?
Breathing
30
What are the two parts of the respiratory tract?
* Upper Respiratory Tract * Lower Respiratory Tract
31
What is the principal organ of respiration?
Lungs
32
What is required for gas exchange?
* Large surface area * Moist surface * Thin surface
33
What is the role of the respiratory system?
Provide a large surface area for gas exchange
34
What are the two main parts of the respiratory system?
Upper Respiratory Tract and Lower Respiratory Tract
35
What structures are included in the Upper Respiratory Tract?
* Nasal Cavity * Pharynx * Epiglottis * Larynx * Trachea
36
What structures are included in the Lower Respiratory Tract?
* Bronchi * Bronchioles * Alveoli * Lungs * Diaphragm
37
What is the structure of the Nasal Cavity?
The passage from the nostrils to the back of the throat, lined with cilia, hair, and mucus.
38
What are the functions of the Nasal Cavity?
* Warms the air * Moistens the air * Cleanses the air
39
What is the structure of the Pharynx?
Cavity from the back of the mouth and nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus.
40
What is the function of the Pharynx?
Transports air between the nasal cavity/mouth and the trachea.
41
What is the structure of the Epiglottis?
A flap of cartilage over the entrance of the trachea.
42
What is the function of the Epiglottis?
Prevents food and drink from entering the trachea.
43
What is the structure of the Larynx?
Consists of several pieces of cartilage and contains vocal cords.
44
What is the function of the Larynx?
Produces sound through the vibration of vocal cords.
45
What is the structure of the Trachea?
A flexible tube about 10 to 17 cm long with rings of cartilage.
46
What is the function of the Trachea?
A connecting tube that leads air to and from the lungs.
47
What is the structure of the Bronchi?
Branches from the trachea that enter the left and right lungs, lined with cilia and mucus.
48
What is the function of the Bronchi?
Lead air to the lungs.
49
What is the structure of the Bronchioles?
Smaller tubes that branch from the bronchi into lobes of lungs.
50
What is the function of the Bronchioles?
Lead air to the alveoli.
51
What is the structure of the Alveoli?
Clusters of microscopic, one cell thick air sacs, surrounded by capillaries.
52
What is the function of the Alveoli?
Site of gas exchange during respiration.
53
What is the structure of the Lungs?
Protected by the ribs, sternum, and spine; divided into lobes.
54
What is the function of the Lungs?
Contains chambers for gas exchange between lungs and blood.
55
What is the structure of the Diaphragm?
A dome-shaped layer of muscle separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
56
What is the function of the Diaphragm?
Responsible for breathing along with intercostal muscles.
57
What is the process of Inspiration (Inhalation)?
Air moves into the lungs as intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract.
58
What is the process of Expiration (Exhalation)?
Air moves out of the lungs as rib muscles and diaphragm relax.
59
How is breathing rate controlled?
By the medulla oblongata, which sends impulses to intercostal muscles and diaphragm.
60
What determines the rate of breathing?
The amount of CO2 in the blood.
61
What does a spirogram represent?
The amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs with each breath.

Biology Grade 10 (2 decks)

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