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Biology > Bio - circulatory system 1.1-1.4 > Flashcards

Bio - circulatory system 1.1-1.4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the circulatory system

A

The purpose of the circulatory system is to circulate materials such as nutrients, oxygen and waste around your body

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2
Q

What is the most important organ of the circulatory system

A

The heart is the most important organ of the circulatory system

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3
Q

What does the heart work as and how does it connect to the other organs

A

the heart works as a double pump and connects to the other organs via vessels

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4
Q

How many blood vessels are there + what are they called

A

there are 3 types of blood vessel:
veins
arteries
capillaries

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5
Q

what separates the 2 sides of the heart

A

the septum

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6
Q

How many sides of the heart are there + give a brief overview about them

A

There are 2 sides of the heart…
left hand side of the heart is high in oxygen (so therefore, it is red)
right hand side of the heart is high in carbon dioxide (so it is blue)

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7
Q

How many chambers does a human heart have

A

The human heart has 4 chambers:
the right atrium
the right ventricle
the left atrium
the left ventricle

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8
Q

What happens when the heart contracts

A

The 2 atria contract together at the same time; as they contract, blood pumps to the ventricles.
as the ventricles contract blood is pumped out of the heart and into the lungs
carbon dioxide is then take out of the blood

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9
Q

How many valves are there

A

There are 4 valves:
Aortic
pulmonary
bicuspid (also known as mitral)
tricuspid

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10
Q

give a brief overview about the 4 valves

A

Aortic valve: leads blood towards body organs
pulmonary valve: leads blood towards lungs
bicuspid: has 2 cusps (flaps of tissue)
tricuspid: has 3 cusps

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11
Q

What do valves do?

A

Valves make sure that the blood flows in 1 direction and it prevents the backflow of blood into atria

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12
Q

What do pacemakers do?

A

The heart’s specific rhythm of contraction and relaxation is set by a group of cells called pacemakers

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13
Q

what does the brain have to do with pacemakers?

A

When the brain detects high levels of a waste gas called carbon dioxide in your blood, it will make the pacemaker speed up the rhythm. This way, the excess carbon dioxide can be quickly removed by the blood towards the lungs, where your body can get rid of it via the air breathed out

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14
Q

How many directions does blood flow?

A

Blood flows in only one direction: from the atria into the ventricles and from the ventricles to the lungs and the other organs

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15
Q

Why does the left side of the heart have more muscle than the right?

A

the left side of your heart has a thicker wall of cardiac muscle tissue than the right side because it pumps blood at higher pressure compared to the other chambers. It has to pump all this blood all the way around the systemic circulation.

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16
Q

what do arteries do?

A

take blood away from the heart

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17
Q

what do veins do

A

take blood to the heart

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18
Q

What is the pulmonary system

A

The blood that flows from the heart to the lugs and from the lungs back to heart is called the pulmonary circulation.

the heart and the lungs are connected by veins and arteries

CHECK GIZMO FOR PIC

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19
Q

What does the coronary circulation do?

A

Your heart is made up of heart muscle (or cardiac muscle), which consists of cells. These cells also need oxygen and nutrients to survive. They produce waste substances that have to be removed. Which is why your heart has its own blood supply. The blood flow to and from the cardiac tissues is called the coronary circulation.


GIZMO FOR DIAGRAM

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20
Q

Overview of the coronary circulation pt 2

A

A small portion of oxygenated blood from the aorta flows into the coronary arteries to deliver oxygen to the cardiac tissues. Blood inside the coronary veins is deoxygenated and flows back into the pulmonary artery

coronary arteries and veins are made up like a crown, hence the term coronary

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21
Q

What is the systemic circulation

A

The systemic circulation transports oxygenated blood to all the other tissues and cells of the body. This system also transports deoxygenated blood from body organs to the heart


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22
Q

How does oxygenated blood get transported in the systemic circulation?

A

in the systemic circulation oxygenated blood is transported via aorta

the aorta is an artery that branches into the smaller arteries

the smaller arteries are connected to an organ and it give the organ oxygenated blood.

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23
Q

How does the deoxygenated blood travel in the systemic circulation

A

In the systemic circulation, deoxygenated blood enters the heart from the superior and inferior vena cava
these two large vessels collect blood from smaller veins

24
Q

what does the hepatic vein/artery do?

A

The hepatic artery/veins carry oxygenated blood to the liver and deoxygenated blood away from the liver

25
Q

what does the portal vein do?

A

the portal vein is a blood vessel that carries blood from the intestines, gall bladder and sleep to the liver
this blood has nutrients and the toxins are extracted from digested materials

26
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A

There are 3 types of muscle tissue:
voluntary (or skeletal) muscle which is strong but gets tired quickly;
involuntary (or smooth) muscle which is weaker but does not tire quickly;
cardiac muscle: Cardiac muscle has a combination of characteristics from voluntary and involuntary muscles (mostly involuntary)

27
Q

What do capillaries do

A

capillaries connect arteries with veins

28
Q

How does the blood move?

A

blood moves by the pumping action of the heart, always from arteries into capillaries, then into veins and finally back into the heart

29
Q

What are arteries?

A

blood in the arteries is always transported away from the heart
the force of the heartbeat allows the blood to travel away from the heart to the lungs or body organs
arteries must handle high pressure thus, arteries have thick elastic walls made of smooth muscle tissue

30
Q

What are veins

A

veins transport blood to the heart
blood in veins is under lower pressure
veins have thinner muscular walls but, are wider
blood moves towards the heart so one-way valves keep the blood moving in 1 direction

31
Q

What happens when the skeletal muscle contracts

A

When the skeletal muscles contract the veins inside the skeletal muscles are squeezed so that the blood moves towards the heart.

32
Q

what are some of the chambers connected to

A

The left atrium is connected to the pulmonary veins. The right atrium is connected with the inferior and superior vena cava.
The left ventricle is connected to the aorta. The right ventricle is connected to the pulmonary arteries

33
Q

What are capillaries

A

capillaries are the smallest blood vessels. (0.001 mm)
Arteries and veins are connected to each other by capillaries.
Very thin muscular walls.
Very low pressure inside capillaries.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the capillaries.
Nutrients and water enter cells

34
Q

How many blood vessels are there

A

There are 3 different types of blood vessels
arteries
veins
capillaries


CECK GIZMO FOR DIAGRAM

35
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

the pressure put on the walls
of your arteries by the blood.

36
Q

Where is the b.p. the highest and lowest?

A

The blood pressure is highest in the arteries and lowest in the veins

37
Q

What is a ‘pulse’ defined as

A

a beat

38
Q

Where do doctors usually measure your pressure

A

Doctors usually measure your blood pressure at a large artery in your arm called the brachial artery

39
Q

How are blood pressure measurements expressed?

A

Blood pressure measurements are expressed in millimeters of mercury (mmHg), and expressed in two numbers; for example,
120 over 80. T

40
Q

What are the 2 numbers of the bp called?

A

The first number is the systole and the second is diastole

41
Q

What are diastole and systole?

A

The first number is called the
systole which is the pressure when the ventricles contract and blood is pushed away from the heart. The second number is
the diastole, which is the lowered pressure caused when the ventricles relax and fi ll up with a new portion of blood.

42
Q

Does the bp always stay the same

A

no, it changes to meet your body’s needs. When you are active, angry, scared or stressed, your blood pressure goes up. When you are calm or at rest your blood pressure goes down again to normal levels

43
Q

What is hypertension

A

When you bp stays high all the time. It is a serious condition

44
Q

What happens to the heart fi you have hyper tension

A

The heart must work harder to keep the blood
fl owing and this places an extra strain on it.

45
Q

What can hypertension lead to?

A

It is a condition that can lead to serious problems such as a heart attack, heart failure, kidney disease or a stroke.

46
Q

What is one cause of hypertension?

A

atherosclerosis

47
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

Atherosclerosis is a common condition that develops when a sticky substance called plaque builds up inside your artery . or fatty material

48
Q

Where can the build up of plaque happen and where is it the most dangerous

A

The build-up of fat can occur in any artery in the body, but deposits in the coronary arteries are especially dangerous

48
Q

Where does the plaque or fatty material come from?

A

This fat comes from foods such as fried snacks
or greasy crisps

48
Q

What happens when an artery is clogged + what can it lead to?

A

A clogged artery can increase the blood pressure inside it.
When fatty deposits completely block the artery, the blood flow stops.
When the coronary circulation is blocked, part of your cardiac tissue can stop functioning properly

It can lead to a heart attack

48
Q

What is a heart attack?

A

A heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction, happens when the arteries become blocked

49
Q

When does the fatty material become plaque + what does it cause

A

The fatty deposits inside an artery can become stiff and hard and form a plaque. If this happens, the artery loses its elasticity and is no longer able to expand with the rhythm of the heartbeat. It can burst. This is what causes a stroke.

50
Q

What are factors that increase your chance of getting a heart attack

A

Factors that increase the chance of getting heart disease are: a poor diet (salty and rich in
saturated fats); smoking; lack of regular exercise; stress and age. A healthy lifestyle reduces
the chance of getting heart disease!

51
Q

What is cardiac arrest?

A

When a person’s heart stops beating, this is called
a cardiac arrest

52
Q

How can you maybe safe someones life when they have a cardiac arrest

A

His or her life may be saved if an
AED is close by. AED stands for Automatic External Defibrillator

53
Q

What is an AED

A

It is a small handheld device which gives an automated electrical shock in order to get the heart beating again.

Biology (5 decks)

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