Bio D: Health & Disease (PAPER 1)

Question 1

The 4 pathogens

Answer 1

Bacteria , Viruses , Protists , Fungi

Question 2

How are pathogens spread

Answer 2

Contaminated food and water
Air - tiny droplets
Direct contact - contaminated surfaces

Question 3

Communicable disease

Answer 3

A transmissible disease that can be spread from one person to another

Question 4

Examples of bacterial diseases

Answer 4

Salmonella

Gonorrhoea

Question 5

The immune system

Answer 5

Phagocytes are white blood cells that engulf and digest pathogens.
Lymphocites produce antitoxins which neutralise the toxins.
They also produce antibodies which attach to the antigens on the outside of the pathogen, allowing the white blood cell to destroy the pathogen.

Question 6

Vaccinations

Answer 6

Developed to protect us from future infections. The injection contains a dead or weakened version of the pathogen. They carry antigens causing the body to produce antibodies so that it can produce them faster against further infections.

Question 7

Drugs

Answer 7

Painkillers - relieve pain and symptoms but do not tackle the problems causing it

Antibiotics - kill the bacteria causing the problem, however do not work against viruses.

Question 8

Testing of drugs

Answer 8

In blind trials, only the doctor knows which patient have been given the drug and which have been given the placebo.

In double blind trials, neither the patient nor the doctor know who has been given the doctor or the placebo