Bio; Digestive System + Energy

Question 1

What are the 4 forms of energy?

Answer 1

Chemical Energy
Mechanical Energy
Thermal energy
Radiant Energy

Question 2

Define Chemical Energy

Answer 2

It is a form of energy found in the bonds that keep the atom of a molecule together.

Question 3

Define Mechanical Energy

Answer 3

It is a form of energy related to motion.

Question 4

Define Thermal Energy

Answer 4

It is a form of energy cause by the motion of the particles in matter.

Question 5

Define Radiant Energy

Answer 5

It is the form of energy contained in light and other electromagnetic waves.

Question 6

What is law of of conservation of energy?

Answer 6

Energy can be transformed (changed from one form to another) or transferred (passed along from one body to another).

Question 7

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 7

We get energy from eating and oxidation.
We breathe in oxygen; oxygen is used to oxidize the nutrients (burn calories). This reaction produces CO 2, water, and energy. We call this, cellular respiration; it allows the chemical energy stored in the bonds between the atoms in a molecule to be released.

Question 8

Name the nutrients we need:

Answer 8

Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
Fibre (Not a nutrient)

Question 9

What function do carbohydrates serve to us?

Answer 9

They contain starches or other substances that release sugars during digestion. They are quickly transformed into energy by the body.

Question 10

What function do fats serve us?

Answer 10

They provide the body with energy and store it. They also insulate the body and protect vital organs. Fats that come from an animal source are called saturated fats. Saturated fats can raise the cholesterol level if eaten in large quantities. Unsaturated fats come from plant sources and are a healthier source of fats.

Question 11

What function do proteins serve us?

Answer 11

They are big molecules made of long chains of amino acids. They allow the body to repair and build cells. They also provide energy when there are not enough fats or carbohydrates.

Question 12

What function do vitamins serve to us?

Answer 12

They are vital for various body functions and to help regulate metabolism and chemical reactions in the body. There are 13 kinds of vitamins.

Question 13

What function do minerals serve to us?

Answer 13

They are simple chemical elements. Minerals make up various tissues like cartilage, teeth, bones, and nerves.

Question 14

What function does water serve to us?

Answer 14

A pure substance that makes up 60% of the body. It is important to many chemical reactions, regulates metabolism, and helps to carry substances to different parts of the body.

Question 15

What function does fibre serve us?

Answer 15

It cleans the digestive system.

Question 16

What foods contain a significant source of carbohydrates?

Answer 16

Breads
Grains
Pasta
Nuts
Legumes
Starchy Vegetables
Milk
Yogurts
Fruits

Question 17

What foods contain a significant source of fats? Name 5.

Answer 17

Red Meat
Butter
Cheese
Ice cream
Avocados
Fish
Whole eggs
Chia Seeds
Dark Chocolate

Question 18

What food contains a significant source of proteins? Name 5.

Answer 18

Eggs
Chicken
Beef
Pork
Fish
Nuts
Seeds
Beans
Peas
Lentils
Tofu

Question 19

What food contains a significant source of vitamins? Name 5.

Answer 19

Animal fats (A, D, E, and K)
Vegetable oils (A, D, E, and K)
Dairy products (A, D, E, and K)
Liver (A, D, E, and K)
Oily fish (A, D, E, and K)
Fruits (C&B)
Vegetables (C&B)
Grains (C&B)
Milk and Dairy (C&B)

Question 20

What food contains a significant source of Minerals? Name 5.

Answer 20

Meat
Cereals
Fish
Milk and Dairy
Fruits
Vegetables
Nuts

Question 21

What food contains a significant source of fibre? Name 5.

Answer 21

Beans
Broccoli
Berries
Avocados
Popcorn
Whole Grains
Apples
Dried Fruits

Question 22

Name the Components of the Digestive:

Answer 22

Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine

Question 23

Mouth, Parts and Functions

Answer 23

Teeth (break apart food, physical change)
Tongue (moves food around and breaks it apart, physical change)
Saliva (Breaks down Carbohydrates, chemical change)

Question 24

Saliva more in-depth

Answer 24

Saliva is secreted by the salivary gland. The purpose of saliva is to break down carbohydrates, however it also acts as a anti-bacterial.

Question 25

Esophagus, Function and structure

Answer 25

Like a pipe (around 10 inches long). Moves food from back of throat to stomach by muscle contractions, known as peristalsis (physical change).

Question 26

Stomach, Functions

Answer 26

Purposes - Store food that has been eaten - Break down larger molecules to simpler ones - Slowly empties mixture into small intestines

Question 27

Stomach, how does it work?

Answer 27

Mixes, churns and mashes food in to balls of bolus (mush). Gastric juices from the glands along the stomach walls help to break down proteins and kill bacteria (chemical change). Stomach wall is lined with mucous to protect it from is own acids.

Question 28

Small Intestine: what is it?

Answer 28

The small intestine is a 3 m long muscular tube that has a diameter of 2 cm. It is folded several times and attaches to the large intestine.

Question 29

What is the small intestine lined with?

Answer 29

The small intestine is lined with microscopic folds (villi) to increase the surface area through which various nutrients can be absorbed into the bloodstream.

Question 30

What transformations occur in the small intestine? Glands, secretions etc.

Answer 30

Both physical and chemical. - When food enters the small intestine, the intestinal glands secrete intestinal juices that transform proteins into amino acids and fats into smaller molecules like glycerol (chemical transformations). - The liver (gland) secretes bile which is stored in the gall bladder and emulsifies fats (separates fats from water) (physical transformation). - The pancreas secretes pancreatic juices that break down carbohydrates into smaller molecules of glucose (chemical transformation). - The small intestine also churns and moves the food along through peristalsis (physical transformation).

Question 31

What is the large intestine?

Answer 31

The large intestine is about 6.5 cm in diameter and 1.5 m in length.

Question 32

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 32

This is where most water, vitamins and minerals are absorbed into the bloodstream. Removing water from a liquid mixture transforms it into solid waste that is later expelled through the anus (physical transformation). The walls of the large intestine are lined with mucous that acts as lubrication to facilitate the passage of solid waste.

Question 33

Name all the glands:

Answer 33

Salivary glands Gastric glands Intestinal glands Pancreatic juices Liver glands

Question 34

What is the purpose and function of salivary glands?

Answer 34

Salivary glands (a gland is a group of cells that produce secretions) produce saliva. Each day, these glands secrete (make) 1 to 1.5 L of saliva. Saliva helps to transform the complex molecules in carbohydrates in to simpler molecules (chemical transformation). It also has antibacterial properties.

Question 35

What is the purpose and function of gastric glands?

Answer 35

Gastric juices that come from the glands along the stomach’s walls help to break down proteins (chemical transformation). In addition to breaking down food, gastric juices also help kill bacteria that might be in the food.

Question 36

What is the purpose and function of Intestinal glands?

Answer 36

When food enters the small intestine, the intestinal glands secrete intestinal juices that transform proteins into amino acids and fats into smaller molecules like glycerol (chemical transformations).

Question 37

What is the purpose and function of Pancreatic glands?

Answer 37

The pancreas secretes pancreatic juices that break down carbohydrates into smaller molecules of glucose (chemical transformation).

Question 38

What is the purpose and function of Liver glands?

Answer 38

The liver (gland) secretes bile which is stored in the gall bladder and emulsifies fats (separates fats from water) (physical transformation).

Question 39

What is churning?

Answer 39

(with reference to liquid) move or cause to move about vigorously. In other words mixing!

Question 40

What is peristalsis?

Answer 40

The involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wave-like movements that push the contents of the canal forward.