Bio-Ecology - Part 3

Question 1

Symbiosis

Answer 1

relationships between different organisms in which they rely on each other in some way for survival

Question 2

5 types of symbiosis

Answer 2

Predation
Parasitism 
Mutualism
Commensalism
Competition

Question 3

Predation

Answer 3

Predator consumes the prey

Ex. shark eats fish

Question 4

Parasitism

Answer 4

Parasite lives in or on the host.
Host provides food for the parasite.
Parasite does not usually kill the host

Ex. tick, leeches, mosquitoes

Question 5

Mutualism

Answer 5

Both organisms benefit from the relationship

Ex. Lichen

Question 6

Commensalism

Answer 6

1 organism benefits and the other organism is not affected

Ex. birds and trees- nesting

Question 7

Competition

Answer 7

Organisms compete for necessities of life

Ex. food, water

Question 8

2 types of competition

Answer 8

Intraspecific and interspecific

Question 9

Intraspecific

Answer 9

competition between organisms of the same species

Ex. Mating

Question 10

Interspecific

Answer 10

competition between organisms of different species

Ex. mice- fox, coyotes, hawks

Question 11

Habitat

Answer 11

Where an organism lives in an ecosystem

Question 12

Niche

Answer 12

the way in which an organisms interacts with the ecosystem

Ex. humming bird includes being a herbivore and pollinator

Question 13

Ecotone

Answer 13

boundary between different communities.

Size can vary from centimeters to kilometers

Question 14

Stability

Answer 14

stability of an ecosystem relates to the number of different species in the area called the diversity.
Greater the diversity the more stable the ecosystem.

Question 15

Succession

Answer 15

When the community of organisms change over time

Question 16

Primary Succession

Answer 16

When a community forms where one never existed before

Question 17

Secondary Succession

Answer 17

When a community regrows after it has been destroyed

Question 18

factors contribute to climate of a region

Answer 18

Latitude
Location
Landforms

Question 19

5 main ocean zones

Answer 19

Intertidal
Neritic
Photic
Aphotic
Benthic

Question 20

Intertidal

Answer 20

• along shore
• covered by water for part of day
• tide is caused by gravity of the moon

Question 21

Neritic

Answer 21

• shallow coastal area
• 0-200 m from shore
• most life forms because light fills the zone
• 0-100m deep (continental shelf)
• coral reefs

Question 22

Photic

Answer 22

• top 200 m of the deep ocean

- many life forms because light penetrates the area

Question 23

Aphotic

Answer 23

• below 200 m of the deep ocean

- few life forms because of lack of light

Question 24

Benthic

Answer 24

• deep ocean bottom(2 km)
• zero light
• life forms feed on dead life that has sank

Question 24

community

Answer 24

All organisms in an area

Question 25

Ecological succession

Answer 25

When communities change and organisms replace each other

Question 26

Pioneer community

Answer 26

The first organism to be in an area

Question 27

Climax community

Answer 27

The most stable community and last part of succession

Question 28

Importance of competition to the process of succession

Answer 28

It can create new and specialized niches

Question 29

How do natural disturbances and human activities affect the process of succession?

Answer 29

Open nee niches that were previously occupied

Question 30

2 factors that determine the rate of colonization of an island

Answer 30

Distance from land | Island size

Question 31

How do island organisms evolve differently from those on mainland

Answer 31

They may not have predators or parasites

Question 32

7 biomes

Answer 32

``` Tropical Rainforest Deciduous Forest Coniferous Forest Savanna Grassland Tundra Desert ```

Question 33

Tropical rainforest locations

Answer 33

``` Northern south America Central America Southeast Asia Northwest coastal Australia Western and central equatorial africa ```

Question 34

Tropical rainforest climate

Answer 34

Temp: 28-30 Precip: 75-150

Question 35

Tropical rainforest plants

Answer 35

Towering trees | Plants forming dense canopy