Bio Exam 1

Question 1

Nucleic acid

Answer 1

Main information carrying molecule

Question 2

Proteins

Answer 2

Support transport, defense and hormones

Question 3

Lipids

Answer 3

Long-term energy source, fats, waxes, oils and hormones

Question 4

Carbohydrates

Answer 4

Energy source short and quick

Question 5

Four categories of organic molecules that are unique to cells

Answer 5

Lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 6

What is cohesion and adhesion?

Answer 6

Cohesion is water molecules sticking together
Adhesion is water molecules sticking to a surface

Question 7

How do polar interactions dissolved solutes?

Answer 7

Polar solutes would need polar solvents

Question 8

How do nonpolar interactions dissolved solutes?

Answer 8

Nonpolar solute would need nonpolar solvents

Question 9

What does it mean to say water is a solvent?

Answer 9

Water breaks the bond. Break original bonds to share with water molecules

Question 10

Why does ice float?

Answer 10

Molecules are expanding. Distance between water molecules gets greater. 

Question 11

What does it mean for water to have high heat vaporization?

Answer 11

A large amount of energy is needed to convert liquid water (molecules attached)
to water vapor (not attached, hydrogen bond) 

Question 12

What is high heat capacity?

Answer 12

A large amount of heat is needed to heat water. How much heat is needed to break the hydrogen bond.

Question 13

What Is the importance of buffers?

Answer 13

To maintain a narrow range of pH in a specific area in the body

Question 14

How large is the difference between a pH of one and a pH of seven

Answer 14

1 million

Question 15

How large is the difference between a pH of six and a pH of seven

Answer 15

10x

Question 16

What is a basic pH

Answer 16

Greater than seven

Question 17

What is a neutral pH

Answer 17

7

Question 18

What is considered acidic pH

Answer 18

Less than 7

Question 19

What are nonpolar advantages in the body?

Answer 19

Methane gas produced by bacteria in the gut breaks down food and releases as a gas

Respiration

Energy storage

Hormone communication 

Question 20

What are some advantages of a polar bond in the body?

Answer 20

Create permanent dipoles that allows molecules to interact through electrical forces. 

Question 21

What’s the difference between polar and non-polar

Answer 21

Polar have two poles with opposite charges a + & -

Nonpolar doesn’t have electrical poles

Question 22

Where can hydrogen bonds be found?

Answer 22

DNA, protein, H2O, nucleic acid

Question 23

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 23

Formed from a weak interaction Between a slightly positive hydrogen atom & a slightly negative Atom in the vicinity

Question 24

What is the difference between ionic bonds and covalent bonds

Answer 24

Ionic bonds- atoms are bound by attraction of oppositely charged ions

Covalent bonds – atoms are bound by sharing electrons to attain a stable electron configurations

Question 25

What two types of bonds join atoms

Answer 25

Ionic bond, covalent bond

Question 26

What are the three known subatomic elements

Answer 26

Protons + neutrons no charge (neutral) electrons -

Question 27

Is the smallest unit of an element

Answer 27

Atom

Question 28

90% of the human body is made up of four atoms what are they

Answer 28

Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen Carbon

Question 29

The first step of the scientific method

Answer 29

Make an objective observation

Question 30

What are the next steps in the scientific process

Answer 30

Form a hypothesis Gather data Analyze the data Draw a conclusion

Question 31

What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory

Answer 31

Hypothesis is done before research Theory is supported by evidence

Question 32

Kind of reasoning is used to form a hypothesis

Answer 32

Deductive reasoning or deduction

Question 33

Is it important to repeat an experiment

Answer 33

Helps to determine if the data was a fluke or can be repeated with the same outcome

Question 34

What are the essential elements of an experimental design

Answer 34

Control Dependent variable Independent variable Constant variable Random assignment Manipulation

Question 35

Our hypotheses just random guesses or do they have supporting facts

Answer 35

Based on existing knowledge more informed than a guess

Question 36

What microscope makes 3-D images

Answer 36

Scanning electron microscope

Question 37

Which microscope uses photographic film

Answer 37

Transmission electron microscope

Question 38

What is facilitated transport

Answer 38

Spontaneous passive transport of molecules or ions across the biological membrane via transmembrane integral proteins Does not require ATP

Question 39

What is ATP

Answer 39

Adenosine triphosphate Source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level

Question 40

What is diffusion

Answer 40

Movement of molecules or atoms from high regions to a region of low concentration Does not require ATP

Question 41

What is osmosis

Answer 41

The movement of water molecules from a solution with high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules Does not require ATP

Question 42

What is active transport

Answer 42

Movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of low to a region of high ATP is required

Question 43

What is the relationship between cells tissue and organs

Answer 43

Cells make up tissues Tissue makes up organs Organs make an organ system

Question 44

As a cell divides does the surface area increase or decrease

Answer 44

Increase

Question 45

As a cell becomes larger its surface area to volume ratio does what?

Answer 45

Decreases

Question 46

Examples of each organic molecule that is unique to cells

Answer 46

Carbohydrates – glucose, fructose, sucrose Lipids- Fats, phospholipids and steroids Proteins – collagen, hemoglobin, antibodies, enzymes Nucleic acids-DNA, RNA

Question 47

What are the differences between a eukaryote and Prokaryote

Answer 47

Prokaryotes are unicellular, stores DNA in the cytoplasm Eukaryotes are multicellular organisms, larger and more complex, stores DNA in the nucleus

Question 48

Virus, eukaryote, prokaryote which is smallest which is biggest?

Answer 48

Smallest-virus Biggest – eukaryote

Question 49

What are similarities of eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer 49

DNA exists that relates to genes Both have a cell wall Four major types of molecules Process of DNA copying is similar

Question 50

What microscope can be used with the naked eye

Answer 50

Compound light microscope