Bio Exam #1

Question 1

Living thing characteristics?

Answer 1

Order
Adaption
Environmental response
Regulation
Energy Processing
Growth and Development
Reproduction

Question 2

Hierarchy of Life?

Answer 2

Biosphere
Ecosystems
Communities
Populations
Organisms
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Molecules

Question 3

Taxonomy?

Answer 3

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 4

Griffith Experiment

Answer 4

He tested different bacteria on rats. S bacteria was the lethal and R was the non-lethal. He combined heat-killed smooth with R bacteria and gave the rat it and it killed it. The R bacteria transformed into S and killed the rat (transformation principle) The DNA proved to be the genetic material because the bacteria transformed.

Question 5

Hershey and Chase Experiment

Answer 5

Had 2 viruses: one of them was protein-based and the other was DNA-based. They were injected into bacteria. After being mixed, the bacteria in the DNA one was still radioactive while the protein one wasn’t. This proved DNA is what stores the information to make more viruses.

Question 6

Draw a DNA double helix

Answer 6

See notes

Question 7

Explain difference between mechanisms of DNA replication

Answer 7

Conservative, semi-conservative, dispersive

Question 8

Draw DNA replication

Answer 8

see notes

Question 9

How many bonds do A-T have. How many do G-C have? What types of bonds are where.

Answer 9

A-T have 2
G-C have 3
Hydrogen Bonds connected bases
Covalent bonds connect the backbone

Question 10

Start codon?

Answer 10

AUG- Met

Question 11

What does RNA polymerase do?

Answer 11

Makes mRNA, functions like helicase, and elongates

Question 12

How are DNA and RNA different?

Answer 12

DNA- double-strand, not catalytic (non-reactive), C-G, A-T, Deoxyribose, has H on 2’

RNA- single strand, catalytic (reactive), C-G, A-U, Ribose, has OH on 2’

Question 13

Types of RNA

Answer 13

mRNA- messenger
rRNA- in ribosome and turns mRNA into proteins
tRNA- binds the mRNA codon with the amino acid

Question 14

Exons v.s Introns

Answer 14

Exons are the parts of the mRNA that are included and used to make proteins

Introns are cut out of the mRNA by endonuclease and not expressed

Question 15

Steps of translation

Answer 15

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

Question 16

Parts of cell cycle?

Answer 16

G1- Growth
S- DNA replication and synthesis
G2- Growth
Mitosis- cell division

Question 17

Draw Mitosis

Answer 17

See notes

Question 18

What are checkpoint proteins?

Answer 18

They are proteins between each phase of the cell cycle that check and ensure everything is controlled and done correctly. If the proteins aren’t functioning correctly the cell will continue to divide in the form of cancer. If a cell is incorrect when it reaches a checkpoint protein, it will kill the cell.

Question 19

What are the characteristics of cancer cells?

Answer 19

Immortal, invasive, and can metastasize or move to new locations in the body

Question 20

Draw Meiosis

Answer 20

See Notes

Question 21

What are Haploids and Diploids?

Answer 21

Diploids are when there are 2 chromosomes attached, one from mom and one from dad. Haploids are when there are half of the original amount. Diploids are during meiosis 1 and haploid are during meiosis 2.