Bio Exam 1

Question 1

Know the 7 Characteristics of Life

Answer 1

Organized, Aquire energy, reproduce, respond, homeostatic, growth, and adapt

Question 2

What is the proper order of the scientific method, or process of science?

Answer 2

Observations
Questions
Hypothesis
Experiment
Interpreting results
Conclusions

Question 3

Metabolism

Answer 3

The chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change food into energy

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly

Question 5

What is the definition of an autotroph vs heterotroph?

Answer 5

Autotrophs are producers who prepare their food. Heterotrophs are consumers who depend on other sources for their food.

Question 6

What is the definition of prokaryote vs eukaryote?

Answer 6

Eukaryotic cells have a distinct nucleus containing the cell’s genetic material.
Prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus and have free-floating genetic material instead.

Question 7

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Answer 7

Unicellular fungus
Converts sugars and starches into alcohol and carbon dioxide during the fermentation process

Question 8

Candida Albicans

Answer 8

Opportunistic fungal pathogen
Responsible for infections like thrush and vaginal yeast infections if it is off-balance with healthy bacteria in your body

Question 9

What are the 3 domains?

Answer 9

Archaea, the Bacteria, and the Eukarya

Question 10

The entire system of classification in order and what it is

Answer 10

Ways of grouping and organizing data so that they may be compared with other data
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum (plural, phyla)
Class
Order
Family
Genus (plural, genera)
Species

Question 11

Kingdom Protista

Answer 11

Most single-celled
Ex. Amoebas, dinoflagellates- red tide and slime molds
30,000 species

Question 12

Homo Sapiens

Answer 12

Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Sex
Domain Eukarya- Cells with nuclei
Kingdon Animalia- Multicellular, ingestion of food
Phylum Chordata- Dorsa; nerve cord
Class Mammalia- Hair
Order Primates- Adapted to climb trees
Family Hominidae- Adapted to walk erect
Genus Homo- Large brain, tool use
Species Homo Sapiens- Body proportions of modern humans

Question 13

Who was the father of evolution and what is it?

Answer 13

Charles Darwin
Genetic change in species or populations over time

Question 14

Structure of DNA and what its important functions are

Answer 14

A double helix formed from two complementary strands of nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds between G-C and A-T base pairs
Genetic, structural, and immunological functions

Question 15

What are the 6 elements that make up more than 99% of all life?

Answer 15

NCHOPS
Nitrogen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur

Question 16

Atoms

Answer 16

The smallest unit of matter to enter into chemical reactions.
Contain protons+, neutrons=, and electrons-
The atomic number is protons
The atomic weight is the number of protons plus the number of electrons

Question 17

pH Scale

Answer 17

Moles/liter
1 x 10 -6 [H+] = pH 6
The PH scale is used to indicate the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

Question 18

Acid

Answer 18

Acids are molecules that release hydrogen ions in solution.
HCl –> H+ + Cl-

Question 19

Bases

Answer 19

Bases are molecules that either take up hydrogen ions or give off hydroxide ions in solution.
NaOH –> Na+ + OH-

Question 20

Ionic Bonds

Answer 20

Attract
Ions with opposite charges (- or +) are attracted to each other and form an ionic bond.
Atoms give up or accept electrons, resulting in ions.
Cation +
Anion -

Question 21

Covalent Bonds

Answer 21

Share
Atoms share electrons, resulting in covalent bonds.

Question 22

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 22

Hydrogen bonds form when a covalently bonded H+ is attracted to a (-) charged atom in a neighboring molecule.

Question 23

Molecule

Answer 23

When atoms bond with other same atoms, molecules are formed

Question 24

Compound

Answer 24

When atoms of different elements bond, a compound is formed

Question 25

Function Groups

Answer 25

An atom or group of atoms within a molecule that has similar chemical properties whenever it appears in various compounds

Question 26

Hydrocarbon Chain

Answer 26

An organic molecule consisting of nothing else but carbon and hydrogen atoms arranged in a chain Only Carbon and Hydrogen atoms

Question 27

What two elements compose all organic molecules?

Answer 27

Carbon Hydrogen

Question 28

Saturated Fatty Acids

Answer 28

They have no double covalent bonds between the carbon atoms. “Saturated” because the chain can not hold any more hydrogen atoms. Solid nature at room temp. (lard, butter)

Question 29

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Answer 29

Have double bonds between the carbon atoms. Liquid nature at room temp. (oils) Hydrogenation converts the liquid to a solid form like margarine or Crisco.

Question 30

Amino Acids form...

Answer 30

Proteins (hemoglobin)

Question 31

Monosaccharides make...

Answer 31

Carbs (starch)

Question 32

Nucleotides make...

Answer 32

Nucleic acid (DNA)

Question 33

Fatty acids make...

Answer 33

lipids (fats and oils)

Question 34

What makes a protein different from a polypeptide?

Answer 34

A protein contains one or more polypeptides. Proteins are polymers of amino acids

Question 35

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

Answer 35

Nitrogenous base Pentose sugar Phosphate

Question 36

What specific type of bond holds together Amino acids?

Answer 36

Peptide bonds

Question 37

What are the carbohydrates (glycogen, starch, and cellulose) in terms of their function, and what type of organisms make them?

Answer 37

Starch: It is the main storage carbohydrate in plants Cellulose: It is the main component of the plant cell wall Glycogen: It is the main storage carbohydrate in animals and fungi

Question 38

What do the terms biotic and abiotic mean regarding an ecosystem?

Answer 38

What makes up ecosystems Biotic is living Abiotic is nonliving

Question 39

Binomial Nomenclature

Answer 39

Classifies a living thing in DKPCOFGS

Question 40

What is the molecule ATP?

Answer 40

The energy currency of cells

Question 41

Species

Answer 41

A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding