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bio final\ Flashcards

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1
Q

When examining a pedigree, what 2 things should you first determine about the trait being shown? (Choose 2 answers).

A

sex-linked/dominant or recessive

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2
Q

A woman has B blood type and her husband has A blood type. What must be the mom’s and the dad’s genotype, if they produced a baby with O blood type?

A

Mom-IBi
Dad-IAi

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3
Q

Which of the following is a homozygous recessive genotype?

A

dd

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4
Q

This type of genetic disorder only requires 1 defective gene to produce the disorder.

A

Dominant Disorder

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5
Q

What is the genotype for someone who has AB blood type?

A

IAIB

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6
Q

Fill in the yellow box.

A

bb

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7
Q

In a pedigree, what shape represents a male?

A

square

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8
Q

colorblindness is a sex-linked recessive disorder. if the daughter of a couple is colorblindness, what are the parent genotype

A

Mom XCXc
Dad XcY

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9
Q

Which of the following is a heterozygous genotype?

A

Gg

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10
Q

How many alleles do we inherit from each parent for each trait?

A

one

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11
Q

In the second generation-how many people are carriers of the disorder?

A

3

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12
Q

What genotype goes in box 3?

A

Aabb

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13
Q

Colorblindness is a sex-linked recessive disorder. A normal woman whose father was colorblind marries a man with normal color vision. What percentage of their sons will be colorblind?

A

50%

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14
Q

Colorblindness is a sex-linked recessive disorder. If the son of a couple is colorblind, what are the 2 possible genotypes of his mother?

A

XCXc and XcXc

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15
Q

Smooth seeds is dominant to wrinkled seeds.
What is the genotype ratio for the following cross?

Nn X Nn

A

NN = 25%, Nn = 50%, nn = 25%

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16
Q

If a father is heterozygous for A blood type and a mother is heterozygous for B blood type, what is phenotypic ratios of the offspring?

A

25% A blood type,
25% B blood type, 25% AB blood type

25% O blood type,

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17
Q

Genetics is the study of

A

heredity

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18
Q

What antigens are found on the surface of RBC’s of a person who has AB+ blood type?

A

A, B and Rh

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19
Q

One form of a gene is called_______________

A

an allele

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20
Q

What is a punnett square?

A

A tool scientist use to determine possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring

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21
Q

Autosomal genetic disorders are located on position(s) ____ and sex-linked genetic disorders are located on position(s) _ _____ on a karyotype.

A

1-22, 23

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22
Q

What are the possible phenotypes of the offspring? (A-Brown hair; a-blond hair)

A

75 % Brown Hair and 25% Blond Hair

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23
Q

When 2 different alleles are found together, the one that is fully expressed (shows up) in the individual is ________.

A

dominant

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24
Q

Who is Gregor Mendel?

A

Father of genetics

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25
Dad is blood type ____, Mom is blood type___. The offspring will produce blood type ___ or blood type ____.
O, AB, A, B
26
Fill in the yellow box.
Aa
27
Cross 2 homozygous plants (RRYY x rryy) R = round seeds, r = wrinkled seeds Y = yellow seeds, y = green seeds. What percent will have round and yellow seeds?
100%
28
When you cross two parents, each parent passes down _______ allele(s) for each trait.
1
29
In a dihybrid cross
two traits are crossed.
30
A diagram that looks like a family tree and is used to track genes throughout generations is called a ____.
Pedigree
31
Which gametes will this parent's genotype produce?
AB, aB
32
Which of the following is a homozygous dominant genotype?
EE
33
Jim has AB blood type. His mom has A blood type. Mark has O blood type. Paul has A blood type. Peter has B blood type. Who could be the Jim's father?
Peter
34
What antigens does a person with O+ blood type produce?
Rh factor only
35
In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). If a rabbit has brown fur, what can you conclude about its genotype?
It is bb.
36
The ____ allele is always expressed when present.
dominant
37
If this pedigree shows an autosomal recessive disorder, what MUST the genotype of individual II-3 be?
hh
38
B = brown eyes b = blue eyes One brother has the genotype BB and the other brother has the genotype Bb. Which statement is true about the two brothers?
They have the same phenotype, but different genotypes.
39
In flowers, purple color is dominant to pink and short is dominant to tall. Cross a flower that is heterozygous for both traits with a flower that is pink and tall. What percent of the flowers will be pink and short?
25%
40
In guinea pigs, black hair is dominant to white hair and short hair is dominant to long hair. What would be the phenotype of a guinea pig with the genotype Bbss?
black hair, long ears
41
What is the genotype for O blood type?
ii
42
What are the possible blood types of the children of a woman with O blood type and man with AB blood type?
A and B
43
Hemophilia is a recessive sex-linked disorder. Which genotype represents a male with hemophilia?
XhY
44
What blood type is this?
AB+
45
In humans, males have
one X sex chromosome and one Y sex chromosome
46
In flowering plants, red flower color (R) is dominant over white flower color (r). What is the genotype of a white-flowering plant?
rr
47
Hemophilia is a recessive sex-linked disorder. Which genotype represents a female who is a carrier for hemophilia?
XHXh
48
Aa, DD, bb are all examples of
genotypes
49
Which of the following genotypes belongs in the red box in the punnett square?
XBY
50
If males and females are equally affected by a genetic disorder, such as in the pedigree above, the genetic disorder is
Autosomal
51
Males inherit color-blindness from their ______, because the disorder is located on the ____ sex chromosome. Mom's pass down the ___ sex chromosome to her sons and dad's pass down the ___ sex chromosome.
mother, X, X, Y
52
Which of the following is a phenotype?
round eyes
53
The genetic disorder hemophilia and color-blindness are Sex-Linked recessive disorders because the allele is located on the ______.
x sex chromosome
54
What is the genotype for a pea plant heterozygous for round seeds (R), and homozygous recessive for green seeds (y)?
Rryy
55
The punnett square is used to predict the color of a frog's skin. "G" represents green skin and "g" represents brown skin. What is the chance the baby frogs will have green skin?
100%
56
What are the possible genotypes of a pea plant with the alleles Pp crossed with a pea plant with the alleles Pp. P= purple p= white
PP, Pp, and pp
57
What is the dad's genotype? (What alleles should be in the high-lighted yellow section?)
dd
58
The gender of a child is determined by
the father's sperm cell because it has an X or Y sex chromosome
59
What is the probability that the offspring will be born with a homozygous dominant genotype?
50%
60
Hemophilia, a sex-linked genetic disorder, is more common in males than in females because
males have only a single copy of any gene located on the X chromosome
61
Which blood type is the universal donor (can donate to all)?
O-
62
What is the probability that a person with O blood type and a person with AB blood type conceive a child with AB blood type?
0%
63
If more males are affected, such as in the above pedigree, the trait is
sex-linked
64
Mendel determined that we have ____ copies of each gene (one from each parent).
2
65
Which of the following is true about O- blood type?
it dosent contain
66
A heterozygous long-tusked elephant is crossed with a homozygous recessive short-tusked elephant. What is the probability that the offspring will have short tusks?
50%
67
A woman is a carrier for a genetic disorder means that
she has 1 recessive allele, but not the disorder
68
An organism’s physical appearance, or visible traits is known as the
phenotype
69
If a gene is found only on the X sex chromosome and not the Y sex chromosome, it is said to be
sex-linked
70
In pea plants, the tall allele is dominant to the short allele. What key would demonstrate this?
T s
71
Human females produce egg cells that have
one X sex chromosome
72
Based off this punnett square, what fraction of the offspring will have wrinkled, yellow seeds?
3/16
73
Hemophilia is a sex-linked recessive disorder. A woman with hemophilia marries an unaffected man. What percentage of their daughters will have hemophilia?
0%
74
If your blood type is Rh+ (such as A+) then you _____ on the surface of your red blood cells.
produce the Rh factor antigen
75
Which blood type is the universal recipient?
AB+

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