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bio final\ Flashcards

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1
Q

How many amino acids are coded by this sequence of nitrogen bases?ATG GGA ACT CCA

A

4

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2
Q

The start codon on DNA is ___ and
the start codon on the mRNA is ___.

A

TAC, AUG

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3
Q

What is the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA strand? Use the MRNA Codon Chart.
AAU - ACG - AGG

A

Asn - Thr - Arg
3

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4
Q

All living organisms are made up ______. When we eat living organisms, the _____ breaks down into _________. During DNA Replication the _______ produce new___ molecules to produce 2 identical daughter cells in Mitosis.

A

DNA, DNA, nitrogen bases, nitrogen bases DNA.
DNA, RNA, nitrogen bases,

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5
Q

Which of the following statements is correct?

A

DNA stays in the cell’s nucleus and mRNA leaves the nucleus.

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6
Q

What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?

A

the order of the nitrogen bases

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7
Q

If a DNA molecule consists of 29% Guanine, what percent of Cytosine will it contain?

A

29%

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8
Q

The shape of the DNA molecule is a __________________.

A

double helix

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9
Q

Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?

A

phosphate groups

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10
Q

What are the correct mRNA codons of this DNA strand?
ATC - GCC - ATT

A

UAG - CGG - UAA

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11
Q

What mRNA sequence is made from the following DNA sequence?
GTAGTCA

A

CAUCAGU

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12
Q

What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?

A

Leucine

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13
Q

If a DNA molecule consists of 30% Guanine, how much adenine will it contain?

A

20%

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14
Q

ATTTGAGCC- Original
ATTGAGCC - Mutated

The example above is an example of a

A

Deletion -Frameshift

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15
Q

The sugar in DNA is ________.

A

deoxyribose

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16
Q

DNA is named after its _____ and type of _____.

A

sugar and biomolecule

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17
Q

In DNA, adenine pairs up with ______________.

A

thymine

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18
Q

A scientist placed nucleotide chains of UUUUUU in a test tube under conditions allowing protein synthesis. Only amino acid chains of phenylalanine were produced. What does the experiment conclude?

A

UUU codes for phenylalanine

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19
Q

When we eat ____, the ______ get broken down into _______. During ________, the _____ connect back together to form a _____.

A

proteins, proteins, amino acids, Protein Synthesis, amino acids, protein.

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20
Q

All mutations are harmful.

A

False

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21
Q

What type of mutation took place?
T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

A

Point

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22
Q

The hereditary genetic material present in all living cells is

A

DNA

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23
Q

Which 2 molecules form the sides of the DNA?

A

deoxyribose and phosphate groups

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24
Q

What are the three types of mutations?

A

Insertion, Deletion, Substitution

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25
A long chain of amino acids is called a ______.
protein
26
Three nitrogen bases on the mRNA that **cod**e for a single amino acid is called a _____.
**cod**on
27
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
28
Which of the following is not (r)ound in RNA?
**thy**mine
29
A human disease is caused by a change in one codon in a gene from GAA to GUA. The disease is a result of _________.
a mutation
30
Would a mutation in the DNA of a skin cell be passed on to an organism's offspring?
No. Only mutations that occur in the gametes (sex cells) are passed on to the offspring
31
What provides the instructions to build a protein?
DNA
32
Which amino acid has the same codon as the (jump)start codon?
**Meth**ionine
33
How many codons are on this DNA sequence ATT CTT ATG GGA AGG CCA CCC?
7
34
A DNA molecule sequence is : TTACGCAAG The mutated DNA sequence is TTACGCAAAG. This is an example of a___ mutation.
Insertion
35
In mRNA, adenine is complementary to ______.
uracil
36
Which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation?
Insertions and Deletions
37
What makes DNA different from RNA?
DNA has **thy**mine and RNA has **ura**cil
38
Which shows the correct base pairing in DNA?
A-T, C-G
39
The building blocks of proteins are called ______.
amino acids
40
Why is DNA **import**ant?
It serves as the **blueprint** for protein synthesis in all living organisms.
41
When an extra nitrogen base was **in**serted into the DNA sequence of a gene, the protein didn't function **co**rrectly. Why?
the inserted base caused the codons in the sequence to be incorrect for the desired protein
42
Guanine pairs up with ______________.
cytosine
43
The 3 s**t**op codons on DNA **a**re ___, ___, **a**nd ___.
ATC, ATT, ACT
44
What is the correct a**m**ino acid se**q**uence for the mRNA code? AUG CCA GUA
Met-Pro-Val
45
When mRNA copies the ge**n**(u)etic code from DN**A**, the mRNA base ____ always pairs with the base ___ in DNA.
Uracil, Adenine
46
What i**s** a gene?
A **segment** of **DNA** that codes for a protein.
47
What process synthesizes mRN**A** from DN**A**?
**Trans**cription
48
DNA is composed of the monomer
nucleotides
49
The sequence of events for protein synthesis is
DNA-->mRNA -->Proteins
50
In a DNA molecule, the amount of Adenine is always equal to the amount of _____.
Thymine
51
DNA makes a copy of itself in the process called ________________________________.
DNA replication
52
A mutation is a ________.
change in the DNA sequence
53
Which sequence of DNA bases would **p**air with this strand ATG TGA CAG
TAC ACT GTC
54
Amino acids get into our cells when we eat _______.
proteins
55
Why are frameshift (insertion and deletion) mutations so harmful?
They change all of the **codons** from the mutation, which changes the amino acid sequence
56
All cells in an organism contain a full copy of that organism’s DNA. Your nose does not produce digestive enzymes because
different genes are expressed in different organs stomach cells have extra
57
The diagram shows the structure of what molecule?
DNA
58
What is the name of the organelle where amino acids are bonded together to form proteins?
ribosome
59
In which organelle is DNA located in?
nucleus
60
What are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA?
adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine adenine, uracil, cytosine, guan

bio actual final this time (1 decks)

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