Bio Final

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

diploid, one division, daughter cells identical, daughter has 46 chromosomes, growth/repair

Question 2

Meiosis

Answer 2

haploid, two divisions, daughter cells genetically different, daughter has 23 chromosomes, egg and sperm

Question 3

Covalent Bonds

Answer 3

A type of chemical bond is formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

Question 4

Ionic

Answer 4

A type of chemical bond formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged atoms. (one atom donates one or more electrons to another atom

Question 5

Hydrogen

Answer 5

A type of non-covalent interaction that occurs when a hydrogen atom, covalently bonded to s highly electronegative atom like Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Fluorine

Question 6

Buffer Solution

Answer 6

Weak acid and its conjugate base or weak base and it’s conjugate acid.

Question 7

What do buffers function based on

Answer 7

Equilibrium between the weak acid/base and it’s conguate counterpart.

Question 8

Osmosis

Answer 8

higher water concentration to a lower water concentration and vise versa. water molecules move passively across a semipermeable membrane that allows water to pass.

Question 9

What affects enzyme activity

Answer 9

Temperature, pH Levels, Substrate Concentration, Enzyme Concentration, and Inhibitors

Question 10

Phospholipid Structure

Answer 10

hydrophilic-water attracting
hydrophobic-water repelling

Question 11

Role of Cholesterol

Answer 11

modulating fluidity and stability facilitating the formation of specialized domains critical for various cellular processes.

Question 12

Active Transport

Answer 12

the movement of substances against their concentration gradient from areas of higher concentration which requires energy input in the form of ATP

Question 13

Passive Transport

Answer 13

movement of molecules across the cell membrane without the expenditure of cellular respiration.

Question 14

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 14

bacteria and archaea, nucleus is absent, lack membrane bound organelles, cell wall present

Question 15

Animal cells

Answer 15

nucleus present, membrane bound organelles, cell wall absent, reproduction

Question 16

Plant cells

Answer 16

nucleus present, membrane bound organelles, cell wall present, both sexual and asexual reproduction

Question 17

Light reaction of plants

Answer 17

Thylakoid membranes within the chloroplasts. Captures and convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.

Question 18

Dark reaction of plants

Answer 18

Stroma of the chloroplast.Utilize ATP and NADPH to fix carbon dioxide (CO₂) into glucose.

Question 19

Heterozygous

Answer 19

Rr

Question 20

Homozygous Dominant

Answer 20

RR

Question 21

Homozygous Recessive

Answer 21

rr