bio final

Question 1

Understand why a cell needs to undergo mitosis

Answer 1

for growth, repair, it produces diploid/haploid cells identical to each other and the parent cell

Question 2

mitosis

Answer 2

cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus

Question 3

meiosis

Answer 3

division/formation of of sex cells

Question 4

gametes

Answer 4

haploid sex cels, contains 23

Question 5

zygotes

Answer 5

diploid sex cells, contains 46

Question 6

Genetics

Answer 6

scientific study of heredity

Question 7

trait

Answer 7

specific characteristics that changes from one individual to another. hair colour, eye colour

Question 8

gene

Answer 8

molecule that determine inherited traits

Question 9

allele

Answer 9

different forms of a gene. brown, blonde, red, black hair

Question 10

segregation

Answer 10

the seperation of alleles

Question 11

probability

Answer 11

likelihood that a particular event will occur

Question 12

genotype

Answer 12

genetic makeup of a trait

Question 13

principle of dominance

Answer 13

some alleles are dominant and some are recessive

Question 14

Trisomy

tri meaning

Answer 14

having three sets of chromosomes

3

Question 15

What can be learned from a karyotype?

Answer 15

an individuals sex and any abnormalities in the chromosome

Question 16

What is the combination of sex chromosomes that determines if an individual is male? Is female?`

Answer 16

male = xy
female = xx

Question 17

Selective breeding

Answer 17

humans select organisms to reproduce

ex: dog breeding

Question 18

Genetic Engineering

Answer 18

modifying DNA and putting it back into a living organism

Question 19

Recombinant DNA

Answer 19

you break DNA apart. change something in the chain, and put it back together

Question 20

how to interpret the results of a gel after running a sample.

Answer 20

you cut up the DNA into fragments, load them into gel and run an electrical charge to pull the DNA
the smaller gel fragments usually get through faster leaving a print

Question 21

evolution

Answer 21

change over time, process of modern organisms

Question 22

inherited variation

Answer 22

mutations and variations are passed on from parents to offspring

Question 23

fitness

Answer 23

ability of an individuak

Question 24

adaption

Answer 24

inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival

Question 25

Descent with Modification

Answer 25

current species descended with changes from their ancestral species over time

Question 26

What does “survival of the fittest” mean?

Answer 26

those with adaptions for the greatest fitness survive and have offspring ergo passing on their genes

Question 27

Why is Lamarck’s hypothesis incorrect?

Answer 27

because evolution takes generations

Question 28

How are Darwin’s ideas on evolution different from Lamarck’s?

Answer 28

Darwin -Those with short necks wouldn’t be able to reach food therefore die and eventually only the long necked would survive and reproduce - passing on their genes Lamarck -They would adapt to their environment - their necks would grow to be able to reach nourishment

Question 29

artificial selection

Answer 29

humans select variations they find useful and selectively breeds those organisms examples of plants and dog breeds

Question 30

natural selection

Answer 30

nature 'selects the organisms best adapted for a given environment

Question 31

autosomal chromosomes

Answer 31

determine other features | there's 44

Question 32

How do we observe evolution in a population?

Answer 32

Evolution and population occurs whenever the relative frequency of alleles change in that population

Question 33

What causes an individual to have high or low fitness for a given environment?

Answer 33

adaption

Question 34

What factors can affect the rate of natural selection in a given environment?

Answer 34

fitness

Question 35

homologous structures

Answer 35

Appear the same as other species in early embryo development but are different once fully developed indicating descent from common ancestors