Bio Final Exam

Question 1

The Cardiovascular System Consists of all of the following except

Answer 1

The Lungs

Question 2

Arterioles, arteries, veins, and venules all have the same basic four-layer structure containing all of the following except

Answer 2

Pleural membrane

Question 3

The organ that performs filtration of the blood, reabsorption, and secretion in vertebrates is the

Answer 3

The Kidneys

Question 4

Each human kidney contains about a million_ which are the tubular functional units of the kidney

Answer 4

Nephrons

Question 5

What is a necessary component of a powerful immune system

Answer 5

Immunological tolerance

Question 6

What is the name for molecules that provoke a specific immune response

Answer 6

Antigens

Question 7

Leukocytes( white blood cells) account for about _ of the cells in the human body

Answer 7

1%

Question 8

Select the incorrectly matched organism and its primary nitrogenous waste product

Answer 8

Insects-Ammonia

Question 9

All of the following are functions of the circulatory system EXCEPT

Answer 9

Oxygen, nutrient, and waste transport

Question 10

Each nephron of the kidney consists of a long tubule and associated small blood vessels. Blood cells and plasma proteins are too large to enter with the glomerular filtrate. What is the correct path for the filtrate to follow through the nephron in the production of urine?

Answer 10

Bowman’s capsule-proximal convoluted tubule- loop of Henle- distal convoluted tubule- collecting duct

Question 11

What do we call a lymphocytes that has never encountered an antigen

Answer 11

Naive lymphocytes

Question 12

Which of the following cells is matched to an incorrect function

Answer 12

Neutrophil- important antigen presenting cell

Question 13

The benefit provided by all hearts with two atria is

Answer 13

Not all the blood has to pass through both sides of the heart

Question 14

The loudest sound you hear through a stethoscope while listening to your heart is

Answer 14

The semilunar valves closing

Question 15

Select the incorrectly matched vertebrate and its urine concentration relative to its blood

Answer 15

Amphibians-isotonic

Question 16

An increase in the production of ADH affects the kidney tubules by

Answer 16

Causing the walls of the collecting duct to become more permeable to water

Question 17

What are the helper and inducer cells

Answer 17

T- cells

Question 18

What cells are the precursors of macrophages

Answer 18

Monocytes

Question 19

The liquid portion of blood that contains metabolites, wastes, hormones, ions, and a variety of proteins is called the

Answer 19

Plasma

Question 20

Changes in the arterial blood pressure are detected by_ located in the walls of the carotid artery and the arch of the aorta

Answer 20

Baroreceptors

Question 21

Excretory organs known as Malpighian tubules are present in

Answer 21

Insects

Question 22

Chose a pair that correctly associates the mechanism for osmoregulation or nitrogen removal with the appropriate animal

Answer 22

Flame bulb-flat worm

Question 23

Innate immunity

Answer 23

Is the first, and most general, mechanism of protection against pathogens

Question 24

Mucus occurs in both the respiratory and digestive tracts. What is its main immunological function

Answer 24

Physically trapping of pathogens

Question 25

An electrocardiogram(ECG) provides information about

Answer 25

The rhythm of heart contractions

Question 26

A normal event in the process of blood clotting is the

Answer 26

Activation of prothrombin to thrombin

Question 27

An excretory system that is partly based on the filtration of fluid under high hydrostatic pressure is the

Answer 27

Kidneys of the vertebrates

Question 28

Materials are returned to the blood from the filtrate by which of the following processes

Answer 28

Reabsorption

Question 29

The complement system is

Answer 29

a group of proteins that act together in a cascade fashion

Question 30

CD4 and CD8 are

Answer 30

Molecules present on the surface of T cells where they interact with major histocompatibility(MHC) molecules

Question 31

Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a pulmonary vein drains first into the

Answer 31

Left Atrium

Question 32

Pulse is a direct measure of

Answer 32

Heart Rate

Question 33

Urea is

Answer 33

The primary nitrogenous waste product of humans

Question 34

Excessive formation of uric crystals in humans lead to

Answer 34

Gout, a painful inflammatory disease that primarily affects the joints

Question 35

Which of the following is not a class of immunoglobin

Answer 35

IgC

Question 36

When different types of blood are mixed together, what can occur due to different antibodies for the ABO and Rh factor antigens on the surface of red blood cells

Answer 36

An agglutination reaction

Question 37

What animal group is mismatched with its circulation system type( open or closed)

Answer 37

Cricket- closed

Question 38

The depolarization of the heart is initiated by the

Answer 38

Sinoatrial node

Question 39

All of the following are reabsorbed by the nephron EXCEPT

Answer 39

H+ ions

Question 40

Kidneys are thought to have evolved first among the

Answer 40

Freshwater bony fishes

Question 41

What is another term for allergy

Answer 41

Hypersensitivity

Question 42

The human immunodeficiency virus mounts a direct attack on TH cells by recognizing the _ surface proteins associated with these cells

Answer 42

CD4

Question 43

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in birds and mammals

Answer 43

Vena Cava- right atrium- right ventricle- pulmonary artery

Question 44

In an open circulatory system, blood is

Answer 44

Not always confined to blood vessels and is under lower pressure than in closed circulatory systems

Question 45

Within a normally functioning kidney, red blood cells can be found in

Answer 45

The vasa recta

Question 46

After drinking alcoholic beverages, increased urine excretion is the result of

Answer 46

Inhibited secretion of antidiuretic hormone(ADH)

Question 47

What are two inflammatory mediators secreted by basophils and mast cells

Answer 47

Histamines and prostaglandins

Question 48

Which part of the antibody molecule determines what epitope it binds to

Answer 48

the two arms of the Y

Question 49

The P wave of the ECG represents

Answer 49

he depolarization of the atria

Question 50

Damage to the sinoatrial node in humans would ________

Answer 50

disrupt the rate and timing of cardiac muscle contractions