bio final exam Flashcards
(87 cards)
1
Q
Thyroid stimulating hormone is produced by:
A
Anterior pituitary gland
2
Q
brain controls memory and thinking
A
Cerebrum
3
Q
the great vessel that return blood from the head to the heart
A
superior vena cava
4
Q
the valve at the base of the aorta
A
semilunar valve
5
Q
anti back flow valves are found in which blood vessels
A
veins
6
Q
the second line of defense is
A
fever
7
Q
ninety percent of blood cells are white blood cells
A
false
8
Q
granulocytes include all of the following except
A
monocytes
9
Q
pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood
A
true
10
Q
structures sperm is stored and matured
A
epidydimis
11
Q
large biological molecules are synthesized by removing
A
water
12
Q
what maintains the secondary structure of a protein
A
hydrogen bonds
13
Q
Adenosine triphosphate is an example of
A
nucleic acid
14
Q
Cell drinking is known as
A
pinocytosis
15
Q
the movement of molecules from an area of high to low concentration
A
active transport
16
Q
the hydrophobic tails of a phospholipids bilayer are oriented towards the
A
interior of the plasma membrane
17
Q
what primarily determines the shape of the cells that lack cell wall?
A
cytoskeleton
18
Q
an organelle associated with packaging and delivery is the
A
golgi apparatus
19
Q
An organelle associated food digestion in the cells is the
A
lysosome
20
Q
the smallest unit that makes all matter is the
A
atom
21
Q
which of the following is not a characteristic of water molecule?
A
low polarity
22
Q
which of the following is a carbon group?
A
CO: Carbon Dioxide
23
Q
B-Lymphocytes
A
are matured in the blood and involved in antibody-merited immunity (AMI)
24
Q
T-Lymphocytes
A
are matured in the thymus gland and involve din cell mediated immunity (CMI)
25
Chlymadia
caused by bacterium named chlymadia trachments
26
Parturition
giving birth to a baby
27
Male reproductive system
responsible for producing, maturing, delivering and sustaining the male gametes(sperm cells)
At the age of puberty, hormone is released to the cell spermatogonia which never ends until the individual dies.
28
What is Epididymis?
where sperm is stored and matured
29
What is Vas Deferens?
transports sperm during ejaculation
30
Follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)
maturation of the egg
31
Luteninizing Hormone (LH)
ovulation: rupture of the egg
32
Female reproductive system
- responsible for producing, maturing, and sustaining female gametes(eggs).
- Consists of 2 ovaries ( where egg formation occurs: also produce estrogens and progesterone), uterine tubes(transports the egg toward the uterus, using cilia motion;also the site of fertilization)
- Ovaries fertilize the egg
33
What is the cervix?
narrow channel to prevent entry of foreign substances
34
What is ovulation?
Ovulation is the release of the egg that goes through the uterine tube. The rupture of the egg in the 14th or 15th day.
35
What is menopause?
menstrual cycle stops, no more ovulation at the age of 50-55
36
What is a zygote?
A zygote is the single cell that is formed from the 46 chromosomes from the sperm and egg.
37
What is fertilization?
Fertilization is when the sperm makes it's way to the egg. The sperm fights with many other sperm cells to reach the egg and whichever sperm makes to first will make it's way through the egg to get in.
38
What happens in the fourth week of fertilization? What is Organogenesis?
ORGANOGENESIS occurs where the three primary germ layers develop into their preprogrammed organs
- ectoderm: gives rise to the nervous system, skin, teeth, and endocrine glands
- mesoderm: gives the muscle, cartilages, bones, blood, and excretory system
endoderm: gives rise to the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive system
39
What is oxytocin?
When the head touches the layer of the cervix, OXYTOCIN is an estrogen that causes contraction to begin.
OXYTOCIN should not begin before the end of the nine months, if it does it can cause death to the mother.
40
What is plasma?
Plasma is the liquid portion of the blood
41
What is an artery?
An artery is the transport of blood away from the heart. The artery carries high blood pressure.
42
What are the veins?
Veins are the transport of blood (usually deoxygenated) back to the heart.
43
What is the capillaries?
Capillaries are the exchange of gasses and chemical substances with body cells.
44
What three substances are moved throughout your body? (Circulatory)
Plasma is 55% of your blood, 92% is water and !% is metabolites and wastes that the body transports.
45
What is hemoglobin?
Hemoglobin is the protein in the blood cells
46
What is Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Thrombocytes?
Erythrocytes: red blood cells
Leukocytes: while blood cells
Thrombocytes: platelets: for blood clot formation
47
What causes pernicious anemia?
pernicious anemia is the decrease of red blood cells when they body is not able to absorb enough vitamin B12.
48
What is erythropoietin?
a hormone from the kidneys to stimulate red blood cells production by the red bone marrow
49
What is lyphocytes?
lymphocytes attack foreign agents directly (under cell mediated immunity) or by forming antibodies (under antibody mediated immunity)
50
Blood Grouping
- Type 0 is the universal donor that is able to donate to every other blood type.
- Type AB, universal recipient, can receive blood from any other blood group since it has no antibodies but is not able to donate.
51
Where the biscupid valve located in the heart??
The biscupid valve is located between the ventricle and the left atrium.
52
Where is the triscupid valve located in the heart?
between the right atrium and right ventricle
53
What are the coronary arteries?
coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the cardiac muscle
54
What is bradycardia?
bradycardia is slow heart rate (
55
What is tachycardia?
fast heart rate ( >100 beats/min) normal during exercise or excitement, but can be induced by high body temperature, drugs, heart disease, anemia, or shock.
56
What is flutter?
Very high heart rate (>250 beats/min) which is usually pathological (e,g bacterial infection).
57
What correctly traces the path of urine?
-renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra
58
Which is the closest to the external surface of kidney?
cortex
59
The presecense of white blood cells in the urine is called
pyruvia
60
Vitamin D is also known as
Cholecalferol
61
Vitamin K is required for
blood clotting
62
minerals required for bone formation include
calcium and phosphorus
63
most digestion occurs in the
small intestine
64
nerve receptors for various sensations are
dermis
65
the outer layer of the skin is called
epidermis
66
Tissue found in the kidney and is used for secretion or absorption
simple cuboidal epithelium
67
the type of tissue is characterized by continuous loss and replacement
epithelial tissue (ex. skin cells)
68
blood is a type of
connective tissue
69
cardiac and smooth muscle are similar in that
both are involuntary
70
What is peripheral nervous system?
the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord
71
what is a sensory motor?
A sensory system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. A sensory system consists of sensory receptors, neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception.
72
what is the luteinizing hormone?
Luteinizing hormone is a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. In females, an acute rise of LH triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum.
73
Name the valve at the base of the aorta
semilunar valve
74
anti back flow valves are found in which blood vessel
veins
75
after leaving the pulmonary veins, blood next enters :
left atrium
76
which of the following is correct in the Dna and gene expression?
DNA, RNA, Protein
77
Cancer is
the result of mutation
78
platelets are also known as
thrombocytes
79
the outer membrane covering the embryo is the
placenta
80
name the germ layer that gives rise to the skin
ectoderm
81
what hormone is important in stimulating ovulation?
LH ( luiteinizing hormone)
82
Meiosis produces the cells with
half the number of chromosomes
83
In glycolosis _______ is oxidized and ______ is reduced
glucose and NAD
84
Failure of white blood cells to recognize your own cells are called:
autoimmune disease
85
what is the waste product produced during light reaction of photosynthesis?
oxygen
86
heart beats are initiated at
sinoatrial node
87
immovable joints are called
synarthrosis
