Bio final flashcards
(89 cards)
1
Q
Taxonamy
A
Science of naming organisms and assigning them into species
2
Q
What does “taxa” mean
A
Groups
3
Q
Kings Play Chess On Fuzzy Green Squares
A
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order Genus Species
4
Q
What are the six kingdoms?
A
- Archaea
- Bacteria
- Protista
- Fungi
- Plantae
- Animalia
5
Q
What 3 things do the organisms in the kingdom Archaea and Bacteria lack?
A
- Nuclei
- Mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
6
Q
How does the kingdom Archaea and Bacteria reproduce?
A
Binary fission
7
Q
All protists are ___ organisms
A
Single celled
8
Q
What are two characteristics that the kingdom Protista has?
A
- Nucleus
- Organelles (can include chloroplasts)
9
Q
What three groups is the Kingdom Protista divided up into
A
- Animal like
- Plant like
- Fungi like
10
Q
Are fungi heterotrophs or autotrophs?
A
Heterotrophs, so they do not carry out photosynthesis
11
Q
Fungi have cell walls but no ___?
A
Cellulose
12
Q
Fungi have ___ nuclei but not in ___
A
- Many
- Separate cells
13
Q
Are plants multicellular or unicellular
A
Multicellular
14
Q
Plants have ___ walls with ___
A
- Cell walls
- Cellulose
15
Q
Are plants heterotrophic or autotrophic?
A
Autotrophic, so they can carry out photosynthesis
16
Q
What do plants use to carry out photosynthesis?
A
Chlorophyll
17
Q
Are animals multicellular or unicellular?
A
Multicellular
18
Q
Are animals heterotrophic or autotrophic?
A
Heterotrophic
19
Q
Organisms in the kingdom Animalia ___ cell walls
A
Lack
20
Q
Evolutionary theory states that:
A
Living species have from earlier species
21
Q
What makes something living?
A
- Are made of one or more cells
- Reproduce
- Grow and develop
- Obtain and use energy
- Respond to their environment
22
Q
Ecology
A
8study of interactions of organisms with one another and their physical surroundings
23
Q
What is a biosphere
A
the part of earth where life exists
24
Q
What does a biosphere include
A
All land air and water on earth and the life that populates these areas
25
Few organisms live in ___ most live in the ___
- Polar regions
- Tropic regions
26
What two things do ecosystems consists of?
Abiotic and biotic factors
27
What is an abiotic factor?
Physical features
28
What are biotic features?
Living organisms
29
Community
Organisms that live together in an ecosystem
30
Ecosystems are connected by both ___ and ___ features
- Living
- Non-living
31
Ecological succession can happen where ___
no living community already exists
32
Ecological succession can happen because of ___ or ___ activities wiping out ___
- Natural
- Man made
- Existing communities
33
Climax community
Stable collection of organisms defined by the most present species
34
Climax communities are determined partly by ___
Chance
35
If something happens to a climax community there is a chance that they may ___
Never go back to the way they were
35
What is photosynthesis
The way that green plants and bacteria turn sunlight into water and carbs
35
What are the two main forms of direct evidence of evolution?
Apaptations and fossils
35
What is an adaptation?
Something that allows an organism to survive and reproduce in it s environment
36
3 types of adaptations
- Structural
- Behavioral
-Physiological
37
Homologous structure
Structures with similar origin but different uses throughout different species
38
Analogous structures
Structures with similar functions and apprence but very different origin
39
How do you classify simple animals
- Symmetry
- Germ layers
- Body plan
- Segmentation
-
40
What is an acoelomate
Organisms with no body cavities between their tissue layers
41
What is a pseudocoelomate
Organisms with false body cavities
42
What is a coelomate
An organism with ell developed organs inside of a body cavity
43
How do viruses reproduce?
By invading or infecting a living host cell
44
Do sponge cells have cell walls?
NO
45
Sponges do have ___ but they do not work ___ - not ___
- Cells
- Cooperatively together
- Tissues
46
What are choanocytes? (Collar cells)
Specialized cells that use flagella to move water around the sponge
47
What are archeocytes?
Motile cells which both deliver nutrients to other cells and create eggs for sexual reproduction
48
What are cnidocytes?
Stinging cells located around cnidarians tentacles that are used for capturing prey
49
What can you think of a cnidocyte as?
You can think of it as a harpoon gun and the nemacyst as a harpoon
50
What is a nemacyst
Poison filled stinging structure that contains a tightly coiled dart
51
What shapes are medusas
Bell shaped with a mouth at the bottom
52
Are medusas sessile or motile
Motile
53
How do medusas reproduce?
Asexually
54
Are polyps motile or sessile?
Sessile
55
What is the shape of a polyp
Cylindrical body with mouth that points upward and arm like tentacles
56
Do Polyps reproduce sexually or asexually
Asexually
57
What does a hydrostatic skeleton allow for both types of jellyfish?
- Medusa: Jet propulsion
- Polyp: Get taller
58
What are the three defining features of Mollusks
- Muscular foot
- Visceral mass
- Mantle covering the visceral mass
59
What does the visceral mass contain
Internal organs
60
What is a mollusks shell made by
Glands that secrete calcium carbonate
61
How do mollusks breathe?
By using gills inside their mantle cavity
62
Prokaryotic cells
Cells that lack a nuclear envelope and have free floating genetic material
63
Eukaryotic cells
Cells that have a nucleus that separates genetic material from the cytoplasm
64
What kingdoms are considered to be Eukaryotic
- Animalia
- Plantae
- Fungi
- Protista
65
What kingdoms are prokaryotic
- Bacteria and Archaea
66
What are flagella made up of
Microtubules
67
What do flagella do
Move cells
68
What are cilia made up of
Microtubules
69
What do cilia do
Move water past cells
70
What is a cytoskeleton
Something that gives the cell its shape
71
What does a a cytoskeleton do
Moves things inside the cell
72
What is a cytoskeleton mad up of
- Microtubules
- Microfilaments
- Intermediate filaments
73
What are lysosomes
Sacs of hydrolytic enzymes that act as suicide sacs
74
What are peroxisomes
Things that transfer hydrogen and detoxify parts of the cell
75
Endospores can remain ___ waiting for more favorable ___
- Dormant
- Growth conditions
76
Three groups that we study animals
- Lower invertebrates
- Higher invertebrates (Protostome's and deuterostomes)
- Vertebrates
77
What phylum do vertebrates belong to
Chordata
78
Four shared characteristics between Vertebrates
- Backbone that protects or incases dorsal nerve cord
- Two sets of paired appendages
- Closed circulatory system powered by heart
- Breathing apparatus (lungs or gills)
79
What keeps plants leaves from drying out
A waxy cuticle
80
What helps with plants gas exchange
Stomas (through waxy cuticle)
81
What does the xylem do
Conducts water from roots to shoots
82
What are plants nutrients and conducting systems
Xylem and phloem
83
What does the phloem do
Conducts products of photosynthesis from shoots to roots
84
What do seeds do
Protect embryos
85
What are the two sexual structures of moss
Male antheridium and female archegonium
86
