Bio. II Lecture Exam 2

Question 1

Green algae

Answer 1

Photosynthetic protists containing chlorophyll, are often found in aquatic environments.

Question 1

Autotrophs

Answer 1

Organisms capable of producing their own organic compounds from inorganic substances, typically through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

Question 2

Starch

Answer 2

Polysaccharide in plants, stores energy as glucose for future use

Question 3

Carbon cycle

Answer 3

Continuous movement of carbon between Earth’s atmosphere and ecosystems.

Question 4

Desiccation

Answer 4

The process of drying out or becoming dehydrated, often harming organisms.

Question 5

Cuticle

Answer 5

Waxy, a protective layer covering the epidermis of plants and insects.

Question 6

Stomata

Answer 6

Small openings on plant leaves for gas exchange and transpiration.

Question 7

Pollen grains

Answer 7

Microscopic structures carrying plant male gametes for fertilization in reproduction.

Question 8

Flagella

Answer 8

Whip-like appendages in cells for locomotion or moving fluids.

Question 9

Seed coat

Answer 9

Protective outer covering of a plant seed, providing physical defense.

Question 10

Multicellular Sporophyte

Answer 10

Diploid phase in plant life cycle, producing haploid spores.

Question 11

Nutrition

Answer 11

Process of acquiring and using food for growth and energy.

Question 12

Diploid phase

Answer 12

Stage in a life cycle with two sets of chromosomes.

Question 13

Haploid phase

Answer 13

Stage in a life cycle with one set of chromosomes.

Question 13

Rhizoids

Answer 13

Filamentous structures in nonvascular plants, aid in attachment and water absorption.

Question 14

Nonvascular

Answer 14

Lacking specialized tissues for water and nutrient transport, typical of some plants.

Question 14

Gametophytes

Answer 14

Haploid generation in a plant’s life cycle produces gametes.

Question 15

Flagellated Sperm

Answer 15

Male reproductive cells with whip-like appendages for swimming.

Question 16

sporophyte

Answer 16

Diploid, asexual phase in the plant life cycle, producing spores for reproduction.

Question 17

Hornworts

Answer 17

Nonvascular plants with horn-shaped sporophyte structures, found in moist habitats.

Question 18

Mosses

Answer 18

Small, nonvascular plants with simple leaves, found in damp environments.

Question 19

Liverworts

Answer 19

Nonvascular plants with lobed, liver-shaped gametophyte structure, common in damp areas.

Question 20

Thallus

Answer 20

Simple, undifferentiated plant body structure in some nonvascular plants.

Question 21

Meiosis

Answer 21

Cell division process reduces chromosome number by half, forming gametes.

Question 22

Germinate

Answer 22

The process by which a seed begins to grow into a plant.

Question 23

gemmae

Answer 23

Small, asexual reproductive structures in some plants, facilitate dispersal.

Question 24

Viruses

Answer 24

Microscopic infectious agents containing genetic material, causing various diseases.

Question 25

Bacteriophage

Answer 25

A type of virus that infects and replicates within bacteria.

Question 26

Protist

Answer 26

Diverse, eukaryotic microorganisms not classified as plants, animals, or fungi.

Question 27

Eukaryotes

Answer 27

Organisms with complex cells containing a nucleus and organelles

Question 28

Golgi complex

Answer 28

Cellular organelle involved in processing, modifying, and packaging molecules

Question 29

Chloroplasts

Answer 29

Plant cell organelles where photosynthesis occurs, converting light into energy.

Question 30

Metabolism

Answer 30

The sum of chemical reactions in an organism, involving energy.

Question 31

Heterotrophs

Answer 31

Organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms or organic matter

Question 32

Autotrophs

Answer 32

Organisms that produce their own organic compounds from inorganic sources.

Question 33

Unicellular

Answer 33

Composed of a single cell, as opposed to multicellular organisms

Question 34

Multicellular

Answer 34

Comprising multiple cells, a common characteristic of complex organisms.

Question 35

Contractile vacuole

Answer 35

Cellular organelle expelling excess water in certain protists.

Question 36

Food vacuole

Answer 36

Intracellular structure in protozoa for digesting ingested food particles.

Question 37

Cell wall

Answer 37

Rigid outer structure surrounding plant, fungal, and bacterial cells.

Question 38

Pellicle

Answer 38

Flexible protein layer supporting the plasma membrane in some protists.

Question 39

Pseudopodia

Answer 39

Temporary, finger-like projections used for movement and feeding in amoebas.

Question 40

Flagella

Answer 40

Whip-like appendages for cell movement or fluid propulsion in various organisms.

Question 41

Cilia

Answer 41

smaller than flagella and usually cover the organism

Question 42

Euglena

Answer 42

Unicellular protists with a whip-like flagellum, capable of photosynthesis.

Question 43

Eyespot

Answer 43

Light-sensitive organelle allowing certain organisms to detect changes in light.

Question 44

Chloroplasts

Answer 44

Plant cell organelles where photosynthesis converts light into energy.

Question 45

Trypanosoma

Answer 45

Parasitic protist causing diseases like African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease.

Question 46

Organelles

Answer 46

Specialized structures within a cell, performing various functions in eukaryotes.

Question 47

Paramecium

Answer 47

Unicellular, ciliated protist, common in freshwater environments, feeds on microorganisms.