Bio Lab

Question 1

Alternate metabolic pathway (who) and (when) ?

Answer 1

Fungi, when oxygen isn’t present in anaerobic environment

Question 2

Anaerobic

Answer 2

Process of cellular energy production without use of oxygen

Question 3

Organic final electron acceptor is….

Answer 3

Oxygen

Question 4

Energy yield from glycolysis stage only(how much)

Answer 4

2 ATP

Question 5

What is produced during alcohol fermentation?

Answer 5

CO2 and ethanol

Question 6

Substrate

Answer 6

(Reactants) sugars

Different conditions that make alcohol fermentation more optimal

Question 7

Effect of diastase?

Answer 7

Helps digest starch and break down glucose

Question 8

Stroma

Answer 8

Dense fluid surrounding the grana in the chloroplast

Question 9

Thylakoid

Answer 9

Sacs arranged into grana

Question 10

Chloroplast

Answer 10

Organelles which photosynthesis occurs

Question 11

Grana

Answer 11

Group of stacks

Question 12

Stomata

Answer 12

Small openings that allow gas exchange to occur

Question 13

Epidermis

Answer 13

Waterproofing the leaf

Question 14

Mesophyll

Answer 14

Location of photosynthetic cells

Question 15

Cuticle

Answer 15

Protects plants to prevent drying out

Question 16

Granum

Answer 16

Site for light reaction of photosynthesis

Question 17

Photosynthesis

Answer 17

Process that coverts solar energy into chemical energy

Question 18

Autotrophs

Answer 18

Include plants, algae, and some prokaryotes

Question 19

Heterotrophs

Answer 19

Consumers of biosphere (animals, fungi, bacteria) they obtain organic material from other organisms

Question 20

3 reasons cells divide

Answer 20

Reproduce
Growth
Replace

Question 21

2 main stages of cycle

Answer 21

Interphase (non dividing)
Mitosis (dividing)

Question 22

3 subphases of interphase

Answer 22

G1 phase: growth
S phase: synthesis of DNA
G2 phase: prep for cell division

Question 23

4 subphases of mitosis

Answer 23

Prophase: condense chromatin, attach fibers, breakdown of nuclear envelope

Metaphase: alignment
Anaphase: separation
Telophase: division

Question 24

Interphase

Answer 24

Prior to mitosis

Question 25

Prophase

Answer 25

Chromatin condenses to chromosomes, nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappear, spindle fibers form

Question 26

Metaphase

Answer 26

Chromosomes line up in the middle

Question 27

Anaphase

Answer 27

Sister chromatids pull apart

Question 28

Telophase

Answer 28

Reorganization phase ( undo the events of prophase by: -Chromosomes relax into chromatin -Nuclear envelope and nucleolus reappear -Spindle fibers break down

Question 29

Monomer of DNA as :

Answer 29

Nucleotide

Question 30

Phosphate

Answer 30

Bonded to pentos deoxyribose through covalent bonds

Question 31

Nitrogen base

Answer 31

Bonded to pentos deoxyribose through hydrogen bonds

Question 32

4 nitrogen bases

Answer 32

Adenine, guanine (purines) Thymine, cytosine (pyrimidines)

Question 33

Reagents used for DNA extraction

Answer 33

Detergent, ethanol, salt, meat tenderizer

Question 34

Ethanol

Answer 34

Precipitates dna

Question 35

Salt

Answer 35

Stabilizes the DNA

Question 36

Meat tenderizer

Answer 36

Breaks down histone protein

Question 37

Detergent

Answer 37

Opens membrane to get the DNA

Question 38

Histone protein

Answer 38

Provides structural support for a chromosome

Question 39

DNA has what kind of charge

Answer 39

Negative

Question 40

PCR (polymerase chain reaction)

Answer 40

Can be used to amplify the amount of DNA

Question 41

What percentage of human DNA contains specific instructions for making proteins which are called…

Answer 41

1-5% Genes

Question 42

Tandem repeats

Answer 42

two or more DNA bases that is repeated numerous times in a head to tail manner on chromosomes

Question 43

Restriction enzyme

Answer 43

(Bacterial origin) Cuts DNA

Question 44

How many bands are visible

Answer 44

2 bands

Question 45

Helicase

Answer 45

Breaks the weak hydrogen bonds holding the DNA strands together

Question 46

DNA polymerase

Answer 46

Catalyze the addition of the new nucleotides during replication

Question 47

DNA ligase

Answer 47

Facilitates joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of bond

Question 48

Leading strand

Answer 48

Forms towards dividing part

Question 49

Lagging strand

Answer 49

Forms away

Question 50

Okazaki fragment

Answer 50

Pieces of lagging strand joined together by enzyme ligase

Question 51

Semi conservative replication

Answer 51

Each resulting daughter molecule consists of 1 original strand and 1 newly synthesized strand