Bio Lab Final

Question 1

Interphase four divisions

Answer 1

G0, G1, S, and G2

Question 2

G0 phase

Answer 2

Normal cell functions occur.

Question 3

G1 phase

Answer 3

RNA and protein synthesis occurs-preparing for S phase

Question 4

S phase

Answer 4

DNA replication occurs

Question 5

G2 phase

Answer 5

Protein synthesis occurs- making necessary enzymes for mitosis.

Question 6

Which phase takes the longest amount of time

Answer 6

Prophase

Question 7

Prophase (looks like interphase but with an extra centriole and both centrioles are now hairy)

Answer 7

Chromosomes form when chromatin condenses. The nuclear membrane dissolves. Centrioles migrate to opposite poles of cell.

Question 8

Metaphase (shaped like lemon, chromosomes aligned at middle)

Answer 8

Centriole spindles bind to centromere of each chromosome. Chromosome pairs line up on the equator of the cell.

Question 9

Anaphase (looks like football)

Answer 9

Centromeres are pulled apart by spindle contraction. One copy of each chromosome migrates towards the opposite ends of the cell.

Question 10

Telophase (starting to split in half)

Answer 10

A cleavage furrow is apparent as cytokinesis begins. The nuclear membrane slowly begins to reform and the chromosomes revert to indistinct, or loose chromatin.

Question 11

Cytokinesis (all but split)

Answer 11

Anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis overlap. During this period, the parent cell is divided by pinching the parent cell in half and forming two daughter cells.

Question 12

Interphase (looks normal, one centromere)

Answer 12

Most of the life of the cell is spent in this phase. This is the period when a cell performs its normal functions.

Question 13

Which phase takes the shortest amount of time

Answer 13

Metaphase

Question 14

During which phase is a nuclear envelope observed

Answer 14

Prophase

Question 15

During which phase are sister chromatids observed

Answer 15

Anaphase

Question 16

During which phase is a mitosis spindle observed

Answer 16

Metaphase

Question 17

During which phase are there visible chromosomes

Answer 17

Prophase

Question 18

During which phase are centrioles observed

Answer 18

Late prophase

Question 19

During which phase is a cleavage furrow visible

Answer 19

Telophase

Question 20

When does cytokinesis begin

Answer 20

During late anaphase

Question 21

How many centrosomes does the cell have during metaphase

Answer 21

2 (2 centrioles each)

Question 22

What are three reasons cells undergo mitosis

Answer 22

Growth, repair, asexual reproduction.

Question 23

Number of Cell divisions mitosis vs meiosis

Answer 23

Mitosis: 1. meiosis: 2

Question 24

Number of daughter cells produced mitosis vs meiosis

Answer 24

Mitosis: 2
Meiosis: 4

Question 25

Meiosis vs mitosis are daughter cells identical

Answer 25

Mitosis: genetically identical Meiosis: genetically different

Question 26

Mitosis v meiosis are daughter cells haploid

Answer 26

Mitosis: diploid Meiosis: daughter cells are always haploid

Question 27

Mitosis v meiosis number of chromosomes in daughter cell

Answer 27

Mitosis: 2n (46) Meiosis: n (23)

Question 28

Mitosis vs meiosis where they occur

Answer 28

Mitosis: somatic cells Meiosis: sex cells

Question 29

Sexual reproduction mitosis or meiosis

Answer 29

Meiosis

Question 30

Normal karyotype

Answer 30

46XY or 46XX

Question 31

Klinefelter’s karyotype

Answer 31

47XXY

Question 32

Down syndrome karyotype

Answer 32

Extra chromosome pair 21

Question 33

XXX female karyotype

Answer 33

47XXX

Question 34

Turners syndrome karyotype

Answer 34

45XO

Question 35

What phase is best phase to look at chromosomes

Answer 35

Metaphase

Question 36

What do we use to hold chromosomes in metaphase

Answer 36

Colchine

Question 37

DNA replication

Answer 37

The natural process by which cells make an identical copy of a dna molecule. A copy of each strand is synthesized

Question 38

Transcription

Answer 38

Information is transcribed from the dna template to mRNA inside the nucleus through the action of the enzyme, RNA polymerase.

Question 39

Translation

Answer 39

mRNA leaves the nucleus and forms a complex with a ribosome to translate the mRNA sequence into an amino acid sequence of a protein. tRNA will bring and connect individual amino acid as are specified by the mRNA sequence.

Question 40

DNA polymerase

Answer 40

The main enzyme involved in the replication of dna

Question 41

Ribosomes

Answer 41

Ribosomes hold the RNA of a cell

Question 42

tRNA

Answer 42

Binds to mRNA strand with amino acid at one end and an anticodon at the other end. Transfers at rna

Question 43

Codon

Answer 43

3 bases on mRNA that code for amino acid.

Question 44

Anticodon

Answer 44

Each tRNA has three unpaired bases

Question 45

What does a restriction enzyme do

Answer 45

Recognize specific nucleotide sequences on a dna strand, bind to it, and then to cut the DNA between the bases.