BIO Lab Practical 5 Study Guide Flashcards
(15 cards)
What are quantitative traits?
Study of traits that can be described numerically
Quantitative traits are measurable and can vary in degree.
What are complex traits?
Traits usually controlled by more than one gene and significantly influenced by environmental factors
Complex traits involve multiple genetic interactions and environmental impacts.
Give an example of a quantitative/complex trait.
Height and metabolism rate
These traits can be measured and influenced by various factors.
Why is it important to study quantitative/complex traits?
Most key characteristics considered by plant and animal breeders are quantitative traits, many human diseases are influenced by several genes, and many traits that allow a species to adapt to its environment are quantitative traits
Understanding these traits aids in breeding and health studies.
What is the difference between continuous and discontinuous traits?
Continuous traits do not fall into discrete categories, while discontinuous traits fall into two or more discrete categories
Examples of continuous traits include height; examples of discontinuous traits include blood type.
Are quantitative/complex traits continuous or discontinuous?
Mostly continuous
This means they can take on a range of values.
What does heritability measure?
The amount of phenotypic variation within a group of individuals that is due to genetic variation
Heritability helps to understand the genetic basis of traits.
What is the difference between broad sense and narrow sense heritability?
Broad sense takes into account different types of genetic variation; narrow sense is due to the additive effects of alleles
Broad sense includes all genetic contributions, while narrow sense focuses on additive effects.
Why do we often measure narrow-sense heritability?
It specifically estimates the proportion of phenotypic variation that is due to additive genetic variance
Narrow-sense heritability is crucial for predicting breeding outcomes.
What assumption are we making when we measure narrow sense heritability?
We assume that the majority of the genetic variance in the population being studied is due to alleles that have additive effects
This assumption is critical for accurate heritability estimation.
What does the correlation coefficient measure?
Measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables
This is important for understanding relationships in genetic studies.
What is the expected phenotypic correlation value between parent-offspring, assuming variation is due to genetics alone?
0.5 because offspring inherit half of their DNA/alleles from each parent
This reflects the genetic contribution from both parents.
How do we use linear regression analysis between parent-offspring to estimate narrow sense heritability?
By regressing the offspring’s trait value against the average trait value, the slope of the resulting line estimates the narrow sense heritability
This method helps quantify genetic influence on traits.
How do we measure narrow sense heritability based on a mid-parent-offspring regression line?
By regressing the offspring trait value against the average (or mid-parent) trait value, the slope of the resulting line estimates the narrow sense heritability
This approach focuses on the average genetic contribution from both parents.
What should you do after completing Bio184 Lab?
Congratulate yourself for all your hard work in completing Bio184 Lab
Acknowledging effort is important for motivation.
