Bio Med Unit 4 Test

Question 1

What are the 6 design brief categories?

Answer 1

Patient care, preventive care, therapeutics, medications, medical devices, and informational technology

Question 2

What are the two stem cell genetic/ engineering organ generation processes?

Answer 2

Bio printing and xenotransplantation

Question 3

Regenerative medicine

Answer 3

Using plants to create replacement tissues and organs

Question 4

Which organs can be donated from a living donor?

Answer 4

A kidney, part of a liver, lung, pancreas, intestine, and some tissues

Question 5

Which blood types can type O donors donate to?

Answer 5

All blood types

Question 6

Which blood types can type AB donors donate to?

Answer 6

Only type AB

Question 7

Which blood types can type A donors donate to?

Answer 7

Type A and AB

Question 8

Which blood types can type B donors donate to?

Answer 8

Type B and AB

Question 9

What are the two components that are evaluated when considering a match for organ donation?

Answer 9

Blood type and tissue type

Question 10

Tissue typing (HLA typing)

Answer 10

Human leukocyte antigen typing is used to determine matches for organ donation

Question 11

How many HLAs are there and how does it determine donation success?

Answer 11

There are 6 antigens and the more matches between the donor and the recipient, the more likely the immune system will not attack the new cells

Question 12

Xenotransplantation

Answer 12

Transplanting organs from another living source into a human

Question 13

What is a scaffold?

Answer 13

A framework in the shape of a body part that cells are applied to and grow on

Question 14

Ghost organs

Answer 14

A type of xenotransplantation when a donated organ has all cells removed and is replaced with the patient’s cells

Question 15

Bioprinting

Answer 15

3D printing an organ scaffold and adding patient cells

Question 16

Stem cells

Answer 16

Unspecialized cells that can be stimulated by hormones and chemicals to become a specific cell type

Question 17

Decellurization

Answer 17

Cells are removed from an organ, leaving behind a extracellular matrix (ECM) structure

Question 18

Which organs can be donated (10)?

Answer 18

Eyes, skin, lungs, heart and heart valves, kidneys, pancreas, small intestine, liver, bones and bone marrow, and tendons

Question 19

Strategies to stop injury, illness, or disease from occuring

Answer 19

Primary prevention

Question 20

Strategies for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment to prevent development

Answer 20

Secondary prevention

Question 21

Strategies to support and rehabilitate people with serious illness

Answer 21

Tertiary prevention

Question 22

Organs in order in GI tract

Answer 22

oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

Question 23

Which organ produces bile?

Answer 23

Liver

Question 24

Which organ stores bile?

Answer 24

Gall bladder

Question 25

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 25

Produces enzymes to break down fat and produces insulin and glucagon

Question 26

pH

Answer 26

Potential to form hydrogen

Question 27

What is the pH of PURE water?

Answer 27

7

Question 28

pH of blood

Answer 28

8

Question 29

pH of bile

Answer 29

9-10

Question 30

Alkaline

Answer 30

Basic (above 7)

Question 31

Acids

Answer 31

Less than 7

Question 32

Chyme

Answer 32

Pulpy acid that passes from the stomach to the small intestine

Question 33

Where do coated vs. uncoated pills dissolve?

Answer 33

The coated pill dissolves in the small intestine and the uncoated pill dissolves in the stomach

Question 34

Why do coated pills not dissolve in the stomach?

Answer 34

The polymer is insoluble at acid pH but is soluble at intestinal pH

Question 35

What is biomimicry?

Answer 35

Using nature to inspire new ideas, innovations, and concepts

Question 36

What is natural selection

Answer 36

People with the best characteristics/features have more potential to evolve

Question 37

The build up of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls

Answer 37

Atherosclerosis

Question 38

What is the purpose of bile?

Answer 38

It breaks down fat

Question 39

Function of the bile duct

Answer 39

Feeds bile from liver to gall bladder

Question 40

What is the benefit of xenotransplantation?

Answer 40

Less organ rejection

Question 41

Is the small intestine acidic or basic?

Answer 41

basic (alkaline)

Question 42

pH of stomach

Answer 42

1-2

Question 43

Modifiable risk factors

Answer 43

Can be changes (diet, physical activity, and bodyweight)

Question 44

Non-modifiable risk factors

Answer 44

Can't be changed (age, gender, genetics)

Question 45

What does a spirometry do?

Answer 45

Measures the volume of the lungs

Question 46

How long do the different organs last (least long to longest)

Answer 46

Heart and lungs, liver, kidney, pancreas, intestines, and cornea

Question 47

What are the 6 steps of the design process?

Answer 47

Define problem, generate concepts, develop solution, construct & test, evaluate solution, and present solution