bio meiosis Flashcards
(23 cards)
Genetics
The scientific study of heredity
Trait
specific characteristic of an individual
Gene
A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
Allele
Different forms of a gene
Gametes
Reproductive cells
Probability
Likelihood that a offspring will have a particular trait
Homozygous
Having two identical alleles for a particular gene
Heterozygous
having two different alleles for a trait
Phenotype
An organism’s physical appearance, or visible traits.
Genotype
An organism’s genetic makeup, or allele combinations.
dominant allele
An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.
recessive allele
An allele that is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present
independent assortment
Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes
incomplete dominance
Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele
Condominance
A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive.
multiple alleles
A gene that has more than two alleles
polygenic traits
traits controlled by two or more genes
homologous chromosomes
Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure
Diploid
2 sets of chromosomes
Haploid
An organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes.
Meiosis
Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
crosing over
chromosomes swap genetic information
Fertilization
Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
