BIO MIDTERM

Question 1

CELL CYCLE

Answer 1

-An ordered sequence of events (interphase & mitotic phase) that extends from the time a eukaryotic cell is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into 2 cells

Question 2

INTERPHASE

Answer 2

-The period in the eukaryotic cell cycle when the cell is not actually dividing. Spends majority of its time in the cell cycle

Question 3

MITOSIS

Answer 3

• The division of a single nucleus into 2 genetically identical nuclei.
• Mitosis & cytokinesis makes up the mitotic (M) phase of the cell cycle

Question 4

PROPHASE

Answer 4

-Nuclear membrane dissolves chromosomes appear centriole migrates to poles spindle begins to form (aster appear)

Question 5

METAPHASE

Answer 5

• Chromosomes line up along middle of cell (equator)

- Aster fully formed

Question 6

ANAPHASE

Answer 6

Chromosomes start to separate, noting forward the poles (asters)

Question 7

TELOPHASE

Answer 7

-Chromosomes reach the poles the deavage furrow becomes very prominent nuclear membrane begins to reappear

Question 8

CYTOKINESIS

Answer 8

-The separation of the cells into two distinct cells

Question 9

GAMETES

Answer 9

-A sex cell; a haploid egg or sperm: the Union of 2 gametes of opposite sex (fertilization) produces a zygote

Question 10

ZYGOTE

Answer 10

-The diploid fertilization egg, which results from the union of a Soren cell nucleus & an egg cell nucleus

Question 11

CROSS-OVER EVENTS

Answer 11

-The exchange of segments between chromatids of homologous chromosomes during synapsis in phase 1 of meiosis; also the exchange of segments between DNA molecule in prokaryotes

Question 12

INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

Answer 12

-Heterozygous= distinctive phenotype

Question 13

CO DOMINANCE

Answer 13

-2 alternative dominate genotype are bother expressed a.g AB

Question 14

PROMOTER

Answer 14

-DNA–> start of transcription, promoter infringe of every gene

Question 15

START SITE

Answer 15

-AUG, translation

Question 16

STOP SITE

Answer 16

-VAA, VAG, UGA = nonsense codons

Question 17

ANTI-CODON

Answer 17

-3 nucleotides of TRNA : complementary to codon

Question 18

CODON

Answer 18

-3 nucleotides (bases) on mRNA

Question 19

TRANSCRIPTION

Answer 19

-End result: RNA Polymeosise

Ex-mRNA

Question 20

TRANSLATION

Answer 20

-RIbosomes

=protein

Question 21

GENE

Answer 21

-On DBA that codes for a piece of our RNA

Question 22

CHROMOSOMES

Answer 22

-1 piece DNA =many genes –> RNA

Question 23

MONOHYBRID CROSS

Answer 23

-An experimental mating of individuals differing in a single character

Question 24

PHENOTYPE

Answer 24

-The expressed traits of an organism

Question 25

RECESSIVE ALLELE

Answer 25

-An allele that has no noticeable effect on the phenotype of a gene when the individual is heterozygous for a gene

Question 26

RIBOSOMES

Answer 26

-A cell structure consisting of RNA & protein organized into 2 subunits & functioning as the site of protein synthesis is in the cytoplasm

Question 27

GENOTYPE

Answer 27

-The genetic makeup of an organism

Question 28

GENETIC CODE

Answer 28

-The set of rules that dictates the correspondence between RNA codons in an mRNA molecule & amino acids in protein

Question 29

SEX-LINKED GENE

Answer 29

-A gene located on a sex chromosome. In humans, the vast majority of sex-linked genes are located on the X chromosomes

Question 30

DIHYBRID CROSS

Answer 30

-An experimental mating of individuals differing in 2 characteristics

Question 31

MUTATION

Answer 31

-A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organisms DNA; the ultimate source of genetic diversity

Question 32

ONCOGENE

Answer 32

-A cancer-causing gene; usually contributes to malignancy by abnormally enhancing the amount or activity of growth factor made by the cell

Question 33

DIFFERENTIATION

Answer 33

-The specialization in the structure & function of cells that occurs during the development of an organism; results from selective activation & deactivation of the cells genes

Question 34

HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES

Answer 34

- The 2 chromosomes that make up a matched pair in a diploid cell. - 1 homologous chromosome is inherited from the organisms father and the other from the mother