BIO midterm; anatomy/physiology cell bio

Question 1

anatomy

Answer 1

study of structure

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

study of function

Question 3

metabolism

Answer 3

sum of chemical changes in body

Question 4

anabolism

Answer 4

small molecules make large molecules

Question 5

catabolism

Answer 5

larger molecules disassociate to become smaller

Question 6

what are the 3Rs of physiology

Answer 6

Responsiveness
Regulation
Reproduction

Question 7

organization of the body

Answer 7

atoms, molecules,cells,tissue,organ,organ system body (organismal level)

Question 8

Cell

Answer 8

smallest unit, building block of all plant and animal tissue

Question 9

tissue

Answer 9

collection of cells organized by specific function

Question 10

organ

Answer 10

tissues form a structure and perform one function such as a kidney

Question 11

organ system

Answer 11

one of more structures/organs that act together in performing major function of the body ex: bladder, kidney

Question 12

organism

Answer 12

12 recognized organ systems that act together in homeostasis (regulate balance of systems) and viability of species.

Question 13

list the organ systems

Answer 13

Integumentary (skin protection)

skeletal (bone structure)

articular (joints for movement)

muscular (skeletal movement and fluid movement)

neurological (brain/spinal cord)

endocrine (cells/glands produce hormones)

respiratory (gas exchange)

circulatory (movement of blood to organ system)

lymphatic( clean body fluids)

Digestive( breakdown of nitro waste)

Reproductive (birth, development)

Question 14

Anatomical is when…

Answer 14

Body standing erect
arms/hands at sides
palms FACING FORWARD

Question 15

Planes of reference are….

Answer 15

HEAD- FRONTAL PLANE
WAIST- TRANVERSE PLANE
KNEE- SAGITAL PLANE

Question 16

sectional anatomy

Answer 16

divide the body into specific planes or sections for medical imaging

Question 17

how does sectional anatomy divide the body…

Answer 17

into posterior and anterior portions
DIVIDED INTO EQUAL RIGHT AND LEFT HALVES

Question 18

head region of the plane is called the…

Answer 18

coronal section

Question 19

Parasagital is..

Answer 19

Divided into UNEQUAL right and left halves

Question 20

The transverse horizontal plane is divided into

Answer 20

superior and inferior portions
THIS IS KNOWN AS CROSS-SECTIONS

Question 21

Which plane type is unequal?

Answer 21

parasagittal

Question 22

which plane is equal?

Answer 22

sagittal

Question 23

what does the oblique plane do?

Answer 23

allows visual of the surface structures -FEATURES ON BONES AND MARGINS ON ORGANS

Question 24

serious membrane

Answer 24

thin layer of cells that produce FLUID

Question 25

Visceral covers...

Answer 25

Organs

Question 26

Partial covers...

Answer 26

internal surfaces/walls

Question 27

Homeostasis is...

Answer 27

The body's ability to change due to internal and external states/conditions Accomplished by a CONSTANT CYCLE between receptors control center and effector.

Question 28

receptors are....

Answer 28

viscera that transfer info to our CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 29

Constant cycle between..

Answer 29

afferent and efferent

Question 30

sensory comes in and....

Answer 30

motor goes out (outgoing)

Question 31

Thalamus

Answer 31

sensory integration area where info is processed

Question 32

spinal thalamic

Answer 32

ascending tracts

Question 33

what are the stages

Answer 33

1 sensory reception 2 info processing 3 motor effects

Question 34

receptors are...

Answer 34

afferent!! sensory perception

Question 35

effectors are...

Answer 35

efferent!! motor to muscle

Question 36

negative feedback loop

Answer 36

action is in the OPPOSITE direction Most processes in body are negative feedback

Question 37

Positive feedback loop

Answer 37

SAME direction until a climatic event happens. Fewer positive feedback loops in body

Question 38

anterior is

Answer 38

left (FRONT)

Question 39

posterior is

Answer 39

right (BACK)

Question 40

superior is

Answer 40

up

Question 41

inferior

Answer 41

down (close to feet)

Question 42

medial

Answer 42

inward (close to midline)

Question 43

Medial and lateral are relative to...

Answer 43

Mid sagittal or median planes

Question 44

lateral

Answer 44

outward (further to midline)

Question 45

proximal

Answer 45

up up

Question 46

distal

Answer 46

down down

Question 47

Anterior and posterior are relative to

Answer 47

Cornal or frontal planes!

Question 48

Umbilicus is

Answer 48

Anterior to the spine Inferior to neck

Question 49

Spine is

Answer 49

Posterior to the chin

Question 50

shoulder is

Answer 50

superior to knees

Question 51

Superior and inferior are related to

Answer 51

transverse or horizontal planes

Question 52

Head is medial to

Answer 52

shoulders

Question 53

hip bones are...

Answer 53

lateral to vertebral column

Question 54

Proximal is

Answer 54

close to structure/limb

Question 55

Distal is

Answer 55

further from origin strucute/limb

Question 56

ankle is

Answer 56

distal to knee

Question 57

muscle is

Answer 57

deep to skin

Question 58

skin is

Answer 58

superficial to bone

Question 59

bone is

Answer 59

deep to muscle

Question 60

Anatomisits

Answer 60

study smallest visual cells

Question 61

cell membrane

Answer 61

phospholipid bilayer that separates Intel components from the external environment

Question 62

permeable barrier =

Answer 62

plasma membrane

Question 63

cystoplasm

Answer 63

fluidic hight water content with solutes

Question 64

organelles

Answer 64

ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Smooth ER Rough ER Golgi Lysosome Autolysis Peroxisomes mitochondria nucleus

Question 65

ER means

Answer 65

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 66

LYS means

Answer 66

TO BREAK DOWN

Question 67

Organelle features:

Answer 67

have bilayer nuclear envelope/membrane have chromatin (transform o chromosomes for reproduction/gene transmission) have nucleoli

Question 68

do cells have diff amount of organelles?

Answer 68

yes rations depend on function

Question 69

what organ has cells with high mitochondria?

Answer 69

Mt= production of energy any organ that requires lot of energy such as the heart

Question 70

organ that has cells with hight concentration of lysosomes?

Answer 70

Liver- Lysosomes detox any organ hat deal with detoxing the body

Question 71

what cell in its final form has no nucleus?

Answer 71

Red blood cells; shaped differently that most cells

Question 72

nucleus is the central ____

Answer 72

control of genetic materials