Bio Molecules Flashcards
(30 cards)
These are large molecules that are important components of living systems. Performing a variety of functions, they are vital to sustaining life.
Biological macromolecules
Who coined the term “Macromolecule”?
Nobel Laureate Hermann Staudinger
He was a German organic chemist who demonstrated the existence of macromolecules, which he characterized as polymers.
Nobel Laureate Hermann Staudinger
it is stored in the COVALENT BONDS?
Energy
4 types of Biological Molecules?
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Lipids
- Nucleic Acids
other term for Carbohydrates?
Saccharides
•Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
•1:2:1 ratio
Carbohydrates AKA Saccharides
3 Categories of Carbohydrates
• Monosaccharides – “mono” means one; single carbohydrate molecule.
E.g. Glucose, Fructose, Galactose.
• Disaccharides – Two chemically bound monosaccharides.
E.g. Sucrose(Glucose-Fructose) Lactose(Galactose-Glucose)
• Polysaccharides – multiple number of monosaccharides.
• Macromolecules made primarily of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
• Its basic sub-unit is Amino acid
• It could also be a hormones
Proteins
The sequence and the number of amino acids ultimately determine the protein’s shape, size, and function.
Peptide Bonds
The resulting chain of amino acids is called a polypeptide chain. Each polypeptide has a free amino group at one end.
Polypeptide Chains
are the substances that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents but are usually insoluble in water such as fats.
Lipids
These are nonpolar lipids that plants and animals use for protection and have many functions
in society.
Waxes
These are amphipathic molecules that make up the bilayer of the plasma membrane and keep the membrane fluid.
Phospholipids
it play roles in reproduction, absorption, metabolism regulation, and brain activity.
Steroids
is the most common steroid and is mainly synthesized in the liver; it is the precursor to vitamin D.
Cholesterol
It is a long chainlike molecules composed of a series of nearly identical building blocks called nucleotides.
Nucleic Acid
2 main types of nucleic acid?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
3 Components of Nucleotide
•Nitrogenous Bases
•Five Carbon Sugar
•Phosphate Group
A chemical group made up of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, with a net negative charge.
Phosphate Group
These are large molecules that are important components of living systems.
Macromolecules
A sugar, starch, or cellulose that is a food source of energy for an animal or plant; a saccharide.
Carbohydrate
are the substances that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents but are usually insoluble in water such as fats.
Lipids
Macromolecules made primarily of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen.
Proteins
