Bio p1: infection and response.

Question 1

What is the definition of pathogens?

Answer 1

Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease.

Question 2

True or False: Viruses can reproduce independently.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Name one type of pathogen.

Answer 3

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The immune system is responsible for the body’s __________ against pathogens.

Answer 4

defense

Question 5

What is the role of white blood cells?

Answer 5

White blood cells help to defend the body against infections.

Question 6

Which type of white blood cell produces antibodies?

Answer 6

B lymphocytes

Question 7

What do antibodies do?

Answer 7

Antibodies bind to specific antigens on pathogens to neutralize them.

Question 8

True or False: Vaccines contain live pathogens.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What is herd immunity?

Answer 9

Herd immunity occurs when a large percentage of a population is immune to a disease, reducing its spread.

Question 10

What is the function of the skin in the immune response?

Answer 10

The skin acts as a physical barrier to prevent pathogens from entering the body.

Question 11

What is a vaccine?

Answer 11

A vaccine is a substance that stimulates the immune system to develop immunity to a specific disease.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: __________ are substances produced by bacteria that can kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.

Answer 12

Antibiotics

Question 13

What is the difference between active immunity and passive immunity?

Answer 13

Active immunity is developed through exposure to pathogens, while passive immunity is acquired through antibodies from another source.

Question 14

True or False: Antibiotics are effective against viral infections.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Name one way that pathogens can be spread.

Answer 15

Through direct contact, airborne transmission, or contaminated food/water.

Question 16

What is the role of T lymphocytes in the immune response?

Answer 16

T lymphocytes help to destroy infected cells and coordinate the immune response.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: __________ is a disease caused by the HIV virus.

Answer 17

AIDS

Question 18

What are antigens?

Answer 18

Antigens are molecules on the surface of pathogens that trigger an immune response.

Question 19

True or False: Vaccination can lead to herd immunity.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What is the primary function of phagocytes?

Answer 20

Phagocytes engulf and digest pathogens.

Question 21

What is an example of a viral disease?

Answer 21

Influenza or HIV/AIDS.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: __________ is the process by which the immune system remembers past infections.

Answer 22

Immunological memory

Question 23

What is the significance of the ‘lock and key’ model in immunology?

Answer 23

It describes how antibodies specifically bind to their corresponding antigens.

Question 24

True or False: All bacteria are harmful to humans.

Answer 24

False

Question 25

What is the role of the spleen in the immune system?

Answer 25

The spleen filters the blood and helps to produce and store white blood cells.

Question 26

What type of pathogen is responsible for malaria?

Answer 26

A parasite (specifically, Plasmodium species).

Question 27

Fill in the blank: __________ is the term for a disease that can be transmitted from one person to another.

Answer 27

Infectious disease

Question 28

What is the main purpose of the inflammatory response?

Answer 28

To initiate healing and prevent the spread of infection.

Question 29

What is the role of memory cells in the immune response?

Answer 29

Memory cells provide long-term immunity by remembering specific pathogens.

Question 30

True or False: The body can only produce one type of antibody.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

What is the importance of sanitation in preventing infections?

Answer 31

Sanitation reduces the spread of pathogens by keeping environments clean.