Bio P2

Question 1

Role of carbonic anhydride in excretion of CO2 in humans

Answer 1

• in body/respiring cells (co2+H2O=carbonic acid (CAT.))
• catalyses in alveoli/lungs reverse

Question 2

Define variation

Answer 2

Different characteristics due to different phenotypes in individuals of the same species

Question 3

Qns about natural selection reminders

Answer 3

• random mutation -> new alleles, more variation
• pass on favourable allele
• cumulative effect over generations = incr in favourable allele

Question 4

Asexual vs sexual repro

Answer 4

Sim
- both prod offspring
Diff
- gen. identical vs dissimilar
- no fert vs has fert
- one parent vs 2

Question 5

Define oxygen debt

Answer 5

The volume/amt of O2 needed to oxidise lactic acid to glucose

Question 6

WHAT. WHAT THE FUCK IS EMPHYSEMA

Answer 6

walls between alveoli break down : decr total SA

Question 7

PULMONARY NOT PULMONURY WTF

Answer 7

WHAT WERE YOU THINKING

Question 8

Cardiac cycle pressure in Vs and As

Answer 8

Both RandL ventricle incr and decr in pressure at the same time
As contract and relax at the same time

Question 9

When leaf float REMEMBER

Answer 9

Oxygen gas fills the INTERCELLUALR AIR SPACES -> INCR BUOYANCY

Question 10

Heredity Why expected ratio =/= observed

Answer 10

Expected is theoretical / sample size too small to observe

Question 11

Pos for pyr of biomass

Answer 11

• indicates avail food left
• indicates energy avail
• always pyramid shaped

Question 12

Why liver cells have a lot of mitochondria

Answer 12

Req large amts of energy to carry out functions like dea nation and detox.
Mitochondria req to release e from aerobic resp (LINK)

Question 13

Thickness of heart muscular walls

Answer 13

Dist shorter -> less force req for pressure
Thicker -> more muscular -> more force generated

Question 14

When FATIGUE,

Answer 14

Link to lower rate of aerobic resp, less energy released

Question 15

Water spongy mesophyll

Answer 15

From a thin film of moisture on the surface

WV accumulates in air spaces, higher WP than surroundings

Via TRANSPIRATION

Question 16

Define mutation

Answer 16

A SUDDEN, RANDOM change n gene sequence/structure or chromosome number

Question 17

Mutagenic factor radiation

Answer 17

ALPHA/BETA/GAMMA radiation / UV light

Question 18

Large no of large fish good indicator why

Answer 18

• fishing practices are well controlled
• fish not caught faster than replace
• healthy enviro w enough food

Question 19

Sex of foetus determined by the

Answer 19

Father

Question 20

Sex of child determined by

Answer 20

The alleles of the sperm

Question 21

Anaerobic respiration starts because of

Answer 21

Lack of oxygen

Question 22

How does oxygen move from plasma into rbcs

Answer 22

Diffusion of dissolved oxygen

Question 23

If given a transverse section of a stem the thick dark ring is

Answer 23

Phloem cells I think

Question 24

Does rbc have cytoplasm

Answer 24

YES

Question 25

Oesophagus and ileum circular and longitudinal muscles

Answer 25

Circular is INSIDE longditudinal is OUTSIDE If u take em and cut em into slices and lay em out straight the longer one is longditudinal

Question 26

When cold

Answer 26

Afferent arteriole constricts -> decr blood flow -> decr heat loss

Question 27

Uterine lining hormones

Answer 27

Maintain: progesterone Repair: oestrogen

Question 28

Nucleotide structure

Answer 28

Phosphate (circle) — sugar (pentagon) — nitrogenous base (AT GC)

Question 29

Units of energy in an animal

Answer 29

Used for growth and repair = energy for consumers Excretion = energy for decomposers

Question 30

Energy units in an animal

Answer 30

Used for growth and repair = energy for consumers Excreted = energy for decomposers

Question 31

When asked which is active transport

Answer 31

Not only is it from low conc to high conc, its also THRU A PPM MEMBRANE. GOT IT. OKAY???

Question 32

How does a cell wall maintain cell turgor

Answer 32

Supports cell membrane (prevents pop) Prevents cell from bursting

Question 33

Blood vessels in and out of liver

Answer 33

SI-> liver (hepatic portal) Pancreas-> liver Aorta -> liver Liver -> vena cava

Question 34

ONLY layer of plant cells without chloroplasts

Answer 34

Upper epidermis

Question 35

What you WONT find in tissue fluid

Answer 35

Haemoglobin. Fibrin. Platelets. They can’t diffuse out of blood vessels

Question 36

Effects of tar

Answer 36

- carcinogenic - more alert - higher heart rate

Question 37

Functions of liver 5

Answer 37

Breakdown of rbc Bile production Storage of glycogen Detox Deamination

Question 38

Product of anaerobic resp IN BODY CELLS

Answer 38

Lactic acid. NO CO2

Question 39

Detox in liver

Answer 39

Alcohol -alcohol dehydrogenase-> acetaldehyde -acetaldehyde dehydrogenase-> acetic acid