Bio Paper 1

Question 1

What shape do red blood cells have?

Answer 1

Biconcave (like a donut)

Question 2

Name two pieces of laboratory equipment you could use to prepare cells to look at with a microscope.

Answer 2

Slide
Cover Slip
Dye
Pipette
Scalpel

Question 3

How could you test a solution for sugar?

Answer 3

Add benedict’s solution and heat using a water bath (not boil).
Observe colour.
Turns from blue to brick red if sugar is present.

Question 4

Describe two ways the spread of measles can be prevented

Answer 4

Isolation
Face Masks
Hygiene

Question 5

Describe how vaccines produce immunity

Answer 5

Vaccines are a dead or inactive form of the pathogen with the same antigens. This causes the immune system, specifically white blood cells, to produce complementary antibodies which target and attach to the pathogen.
White blood cells produce memory cells which allow antibodies to be produced much faster if reinfection occurs.

Question 6

How are eukaryotic cells different from prokaryotic cells?

Answer 6

Prokaryotic cells do not have nuclei, their DNA is stored in a loop or as plasmids.
Prokaryotic cells do not have mitochondria.

Question 7

How to calculate the magnification of an image?

Question 8

Describe the process of mitosis

Answer 8

Before mitosis begins, DNA doubles.
The membrane around the nucleus disappears.
Chromosomes and their copies line up in the middle of the cell.
They are then pulled to different sides of the cell.
New membranes form around the two sets of chromosomes at either end of the cell.
The membrane pinches in and divides into two identical daughter cells.

Question 9

How are alveoli specialised to perform their specific function?