bio paper 1

Question 1

What is active transport?

Answer 1

The movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution (against a concentration gradient) with the use of energy from respiration.

Question 2

What is an adult stem cell?

Answer 2

A type of stem cell that can form many types of cells.

Question 3

What is agar jelly?

Answer 3

A substance placed in petri dishes which is used to culture microorganisms on.

Question 4

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 4

The process where a cell becomes specialised to its function.

Question 5

What is a cell membrane?

Answer 5

A partially permeable barrier that surrounds the cell.

Question 6

What is a cell wall?

Answer 6

An outer layer made of cellulose that strengthens plant cells.

Question 7

What is a chloroplast?

Answer 7

An organelle which is the site of photosynthesis.

Question 8

What are chromosomes?

Answer 8

DNA structures that are found in the nucleus which are made up of genes.

Question 9

What is a concentration gradient?

Answer 9

The difference in concentration between two areas.

Question 10

What is diffusion?

Answer 10

The spreading out of the particles of any substance in solution, or particles of a gas, resulting in a net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 11

What is an embryonic stem cell?

Answer 11

A type of stem cell that can differentiate into most types of human cells.

Question 12

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 12

A type of cell found in plants and animals that contains a nucleus.

Question 13

What is magnification?

Answer 13

How much bigger an image appears compared to the original object.

Question 14

What are meristematic cells?

Answer 14

A type of stem cell that can differentiate into any type of plant cell.

Question 15

What are mitochondria?

Answer 15

An organelle which is the site of respiration.

Question 16

What is mitosis?

Answer 16

A type of cell division which produces two genetically identical daughter cells from one parent cell.

Question 17

What is a nucleus?

Answer 17

An organelle found in most eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material of the cell and controls the activities of the cell.

Question 18

What is an organelle?

Answer 18

A specialised structure found inside a cell.

Question 19

What is osmosis?

Answer 19

The diffusion of water from a concentrated solution to a dilute solution through a partially permeable membrane.

Question 20

What is a plasmid?

Answer 20

Loops of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.

Question 21

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 21

A type of cell found in bacteria that does not contain a nucleus.

Question 22

What is resolution in biology?

Answer 22

The ability to distinguish two different points in a specimen.

Question 23

What are specialised cells?

Answer 23

Cells that are adapted to perform a specific function.

Question 24

What is a stem cell?

Answer 24

An undifferentiated cell that can divide to produce many specialised cells of the same type.

Question 25

What is surface area?

Answer 25

The amount of contact an object has with its environment.

Question 26

What is the surface area to volume ratio (SA:V)?

Answer 26

The size of the object compared with the amount of area where it contacts its environment.

Question 27

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 27

A series of stages preparing the cell for division.

Question 28

What is therapeutic cloning?

Answer 28

Producing an embryo that has the same genes as a patient.

Question 29

What is a vacuole?

Answer 29

An organelle that stores cell sap.

Question 30

What is the process by which cells become specialised for a particular job?

Answer 30

Differentiation ## Footnote Differentiation occurs during the development of a multicellular organism.

Question 31

What do specialised cells form?

Answer 31

Tissues ## Footnote These tissues form organs, which form organ systems.

Question 32

What is a tissue?

Answer 32

A group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function. ## Footnote It can include more than one type of cell.

Question 33

What are examples of tissues in mammals?

Answer 33

1) Muscular tissue 2) Glandular tissue 3) Epithelial tissue

Question 34

What is an organ?

Answer 34

A group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function. ## Footnote For example, the stomach is an organ made of muscular, glandular, and epithelial tissues.

Question 35

What is an organ system?

Answer 35

A group of organs working together to perform a particular function.

Question 36

What is the function of the digestive system?

Answer 36

It breaks down and absorbs food. ## Footnote It's made up of organs like the stomach, small intestine, liver, and pancreas.

Question 37

What are the components of the digestive system?

Answer 37

1) Glands (e.g. pancreas, salivary glands) 2) Stomach 3) Small intestine 4) Liver 5) Large intestine

Question 38

What is the hierarchy of biological organisation in an organism?

Answer 38

An organism consists of organ systems, which are groups of organs, which are made of tissues, which are groups of cells working together.