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MINE > bio paper 1 quick easy answers > Flashcards

bio paper 1 quick easy answers Flashcards

1
Q

photosynthesis limiting factors

A

light intensity
carbon dioxide
temperature

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2
Q

plant defences against herbivores

A

poisons
thorns
hairy stems/leaves
drooping/curling
mimicry

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3
Q

environmental factors effecting rate of transpiration

A

temperature
humidity
air movement (wind)
light intensity

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4
Q

cancer treatments

A

RADIOTHERAPY- doses of radiation stops mitosis in cancer cells but can also damage healthy cells

CHEMOTHERAPY-chemicals are used to stop cancer cells dividing or make them self destruct. Targets cancer cells as specifically as possible

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5
Q

approx. SA of alveoli in humans.

A

75m squared

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6
Q

veins

A

towards heart
low pressure
valves

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7
Q

hman defence systems against disease

A

skin
nose
stomach
lungs

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8
Q

white blood cells work in 3 main ways…

A

producing antibodies
producing antitoxins
ingesting microorganisms (phagocytosis)

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9
Q

placebo

A

not real

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10
Q

double blind trial

A

patients and doctor don’t know

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11
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration (a dilute) to an an area of low concentration of water across a partially permeable membrane. Does not require energy.

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12
Q

artery

A

carries blood away from heart
blood under high pressure
thick, elastic walls

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13
Q

capillary

A

allows substances to pass through blood
walls only one cell thick
surround the organs

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14
Q

new drugs are tested to make sure they are…

A

effective
safe
stable
succesfully taken in and removed from the body

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15
Q

how are alveoli adapted?

A

enormous surfface area
moist lining
very thin walls
good blood supply

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16
Q

during excercise you:

A

feel hotter
have an increased heart rate
breathe faster and deeper

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17
Q

aerobic reperation

A

glucose + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water

C6 H12 6O2——>6CO2 + 6H2O

exothermic reaction

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18
Q

short term effects of alcohol

A

slow brain messages
drowsy
mood swings
relax, feel good
dizziness/loss of balance
vomiting
make different decisions
poor coordination

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19
Q

long term effects of alcohol

A

change brain structure
depression
stretching of the heart
high blood pressure
liver damage
poor diet-stomach problems
addiction
frequent infection
memory loss
skin problems
brain damage
damage to reproductive organs

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20
Q

blood is made of…

A

red blood cells
white blood cells
plasma
platelets

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21
Q

risks for non-communicable disease:

A

smoking
poor diet
lack excericise
excessive alcohol consumption
exposure to carcinogens
UV light
genes

22
Q

health

A

a state of physical or mental well being, at least partially based on individual perception.

23
Q

pathogens types

A

bacteria
virus
protist
fungi

24
Q

what are pathogens?

A

disease causing microorganisms

25
Q

amylase breaks down…

A

starch

26
Q

lipase breaks down…

A

lipids

27
Q

protease breaks down…

A

protein

28
Q

white blood cells function

A

defend against pathogens

29
Q

WBC adaptions

A

make antibodies
engulf or digest pathogen

30
Q

tumour

A

mass of abnormally dividing cells

31
Q

benign tumour

A

unable to spread

32
Q

malignant tumour

A

able to spread and invade neighbouring cells

33
Q

platelets function

A

help to clot blood and stop bleeding

34
Q

platelets adaption

A

small fragments get trapped in protein fibres

35
Q

what two gases diffuse out of the stomata?

A

oxygen
water vapour

36
Q

cancer

A

an error in the DNA (mutation) causes an irregular cell cylce

37
Q

plasma function

A

transport blood cells and other substances around body

38
Q

plasma adaption

A

a liquid in which blood cells can float

39
Q

RBC function

A

transport oxygen from lungs to all body cells

40
Q

RBC adaption

A

no nucleus
biconcave shape
packed with haemoglobin

41
Q

herd immunity

A

majority of people are vaccinated so the disease does not spread through the community/population

42
Q

photosynthesis

A

light energy into chemical energy
endothermic reaction
carbon dioxide + water—-> glucose + oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O——-> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

43
Q

matabolism

A

to sum of all the reactions that take place in a cell or body

44
Q

anaerobic resperation

A

glucose—->lactic acid
C6 H12 O6 ——>2C3 H6 O3
without oxygen

45
Q

fermentation

A

anaerobic resperation in plants
glucose—->ethanol + carbon dioxide

46
Q

rate of photosynthesis can be limited by…

A

light intensity
availability of water
availability of carbon dioxide

47
Q

energy in animals is used for…

A

warmth
movement
nerve impulses

48
Q

uses of glucose

A

Cellulose
Respiration
Oils
Proteins
Storage as starch

49
Q

energy in plants is used for…

A

active transport
synthesis

50
Q

glycogen

A

carbohydrate store in animals

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