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Bio paper 2 Flashcards

(23 cards)

1
Q

what is the process of genetic engineering

A

1) enzymes are used to isolate the required gene

2) the gene is then inserted into a vector

3) the vector is usually a bacterial plasmid or virus

4) the vector is used to insert the gene into cells of target organisms

5) genes are then transferred into the animal , plant or microorganism at early stages of development

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2
Q

What is FSH

A
  • causes egg in the ovary to mature
  • released from pituitary gland
  • stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen
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3
Q

what is oestrogen

A

-starts to build uterus lining
- inhibits FSH
- stimulates LH release
- released from the ovaries

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4
Q

What is LH

A
  • released from the pituitary gland
  • stimulates the release of egg at ovulation
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5
Q

What is progesterone

A
  • maintains uterus lining
  • released from empty follicle
  • inhibits FSH and LH
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6
Q

What is the process of fertility treatment

A
  • give mother FSH and LH to stimulate maturation of several eggs
  • eggs are collected from mother and fertilised by sperm in a lavatory
  • The fertilised egg develops into am embryo
  • one or two eggs are inserted into mothers uterus
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7
Q

What happens when the body has high blood sugar

A
  • pancreas detects high blood sugar
  • pancreas releases insulin
  • insulin causes cells, liver and muscles to take up glucose
  • glucose turns into glycogen in the liver
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8
Q

what happenes in the body when the blood sugar is to low

A
  • pancreas detects
  • pancreas releases glucagon
  • glucagon turns glycogen into glucose in the liver
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9
Q

what is type 1 diabetes

A

inability to make insulin

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10
Q

what is tyle 2 diabetes

A

body’s cells become resistant to insulin

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11
Q

what is homeostasis

A

keeping internal conditions constant in response to external changes

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12
Q

Equation to work out number of population

A

total area / area sampled x total of species counted

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13
Q

What an allele

A

alternate form of same gene

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14
Q

Homozygote

A

Two of same allele for a gene

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15
Q

heterozygous

A

Two different alleles for the same gene

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16
Q

genotype

A

the base sequence for a particular gene

17
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical characteristic that is displayed

18
Q

Dominant

A

one allele is needed for it to be expressed

19
Q

Recessive

A

both alleles needed

20
Q

cystic fibrosis

A
  • recessive
  • results in body producing large amounts of mucus
21
Q

polydactyly

A
  • dominant
  • extra finger or toes of e
22
Q

carbon cycle

A
  • carbon taken out of atomosphere by plants ans algae
  • passed on to animals when they eat
  • returned to atomosphere by respiration in from carbon dioxide
23
Q

uses of peat bogs

A
  • drained so area can be used for farming
  • dried and used for fuel
  • used for compost