Bio paper 2

Question 1

what is the process of genetic engineering

Answer 1

1) enzymes are used to isolate the required gene

2) the gene is then inserted into a vector

3) the vector is usually a bacterial plasmid or virus

4) the vector is used to insert the gene into cells of target organisms

5) genes are then transferred into the animal , plant or microorganism at early stages of development

Question 2

What is FSH

Answer 2

• causes egg in the ovary to mature
• released from pituitary gland
• stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen

Question 3

what is oestrogen

Answer 3

-starts to build uterus lining
- inhibits FSH
- stimulates LH release
- released from the ovaries

Question 4

What is LH

Answer 4

• released from the pituitary gland
• stimulates the release of egg at ovulation

Question 5

What is progesterone

Answer 5

• maintains uterus lining
• released from empty follicle
• inhibits FSH and LH

Question 6

What is the process of fertility treatment

Answer 6

• give mother FSH and LH to stimulate maturation of several eggs
• eggs are collected from mother and fertilised by sperm in a lavatory
• The fertilised egg develops into am embryo
• one or two eggs are inserted into mothers uterus

Question 7

What happens when the body has high blood sugar

Answer 7

• pancreas detects high blood sugar
• pancreas releases insulin
• insulin causes cells, liver and muscles to take up glucose
• glucose turns into glycogen in the liver

Question 8

what happenes in the body when the blood sugar is to low

Answer 8

• pancreas detects
• pancreas releases glucagon
• glucagon turns glycogen into glucose in the liver

Question 9

what is type 1 diabetes

Answer 9

inability to make insulin

Question 10

what is tyle 2 diabetes

Answer 10

body’s cells become resistant to insulin

Question 11

what is homeostasis

Answer 11

keeping internal conditions constant in response to external changes

Question 12

Equation to work out number of population

Answer 12

total area / area sampled x total of species counted

Question 13

What an allele

Answer 13

alternate form of same gene

Question 14

Homozygote

Answer 14

Two of same allele for a gene

Question 15

heterozygous

Answer 15

Two different alleles for the same gene

Question 16

genotype

Answer 16

the base sequence for a particular gene

Question 17

Phenotype

Answer 17

Physical characteristic that is displayed

Question 18

Dominant

Answer 18

one allele is needed for it to be expressed

Question 19

Recessive

Answer 19

both alleles needed

Question 20

cystic fibrosis

Answer 20

• recessive
• results in body producing large amounts of mucus

Question 21

polydactyly

Answer 21

• dominant
• extra finger or toes of e

Question 22

carbon cycle

Answer 22

• carbon taken out of atomosphere by plants ans algae
• passed on to animals when they eat
• returned to atomosphere by respiration in from carbon dioxide

Question 23

uses of peat bogs

Answer 23

• drained so area can be used for farming
• dried and used for fuel
• used for compost