Bio paper 2 Flashcards
(23 cards)
what is the process of genetic engineering
1) enzymes are used to isolate the required gene
2) the gene is then inserted into a vector
3) the vector is usually a bacterial plasmid or virus
4) the vector is used to insert the gene into cells of target organisms
5) genes are then transferred into the animal , plant or microorganism at early stages of development
What is FSH
- causes egg in the ovary to mature
- released from pituitary gland
- stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen
what is oestrogen
-starts to build uterus lining
- inhibits FSH
- stimulates LH release
- released from the ovaries
What is LH
- released from the pituitary gland
- stimulates the release of egg at ovulation
What is progesterone
- maintains uterus lining
- released from empty follicle
- inhibits FSH and LH
What is the process of fertility treatment
- give mother FSH and LH to stimulate maturation of several eggs
- eggs are collected from mother and fertilised by sperm in a lavatory
- The fertilised egg develops into am embryo
- one or two eggs are inserted into mothers uterus
What happens when the body has high blood sugar
- pancreas detects high blood sugar
- pancreas releases insulin
- insulin causes cells, liver and muscles to take up glucose
- glucose turns into glycogen in the liver
what happenes in the body when the blood sugar is to low
- pancreas detects
- pancreas releases glucagon
- glucagon turns glycogen into glucose in the liver
what is type 1 diabetes
inability to make insulin
what is tyle 2 diabetes
body’s cells become resistant to insulin
what is homeostasis
keeping internal conditions constant in response to external changes
Equation to work out number of population
total area / area sampled x total of species counted
What an allele
alternate form of same gene
Homozygote
Two of same allele for a gene
heterozygous
Two different alleles for the same gene
genotype
the base sequence for a particular gene
Phenotype
Physical characteristic that is displayed
Dominant
one allele is needed for it to be expressed
Recessive
both alleles needed
cystic fibrosis
- recessive
- results in body producing large amounts of mucus
polydactyly
- dominant
- extra finger or toes of e
carbon cycle
- carbon taken out of atomosphere by plants ans algae
- passed on to animals when they eat
- returned to atomosphere by respiration in from carbon dioxide
uses of peat bogs
- drained so area can be used for farming
- dried and used for fuel
- used for compost
