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Bio Practical Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Umbilical cord

A

Ventral exterior, during gestation the umbilical cord brings oxygen and nutrition from the mother’s bloodstream into the fetus, as well as removing nitrogen wastes and carbon dioxide

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2
Q

Navel

A

scar from umbilical cord’s removal

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3
Q

scrotal sacs

A

posterior end of the body between the upper hind legs, contains the testes, keeps testes at a good temperature lower than the body cavity but higher than air temp

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4
Q

Urogenital opening(Male)

A

located directly posterior to the navel, serves as opening for the otherwise sheathed penis as well as the exit for urine

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5
Q

Urogenital opening(Female)

A

located immediately below the anus, just beneath the tail, receives penis for mating and is exit for urine

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6
Q

genital papilla

A

a small fleshy structure that protects the female urogenital opening as well as separating it from the anus

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7
Q

Dorsal

A

toward the backbone

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8
Q

Ventral

A

below, belly-up view

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9
Q

Anterior

A

in front of, toward the head end

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10
Q

Posterior

A

behind, toward the tail

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11
Q

Medial

A

toward the center line

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12
Q

Lateral

A

Side view, toward the side

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13
Q

Liver

A

Digestive system, against posterior side of the diaphragm, jobs include making bile and filtering absorbed nutrients carried by the hepatical portal vein from the small intestine

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14
Q

gall bladder

A

Digestive system, posterior side of the liver, stores bile

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15
Q

Stomach

A

Digestive system, animal’s left, beneath liver, protein digestion begins in the stomach and all foods are liquefied for further digestion in the small intestine

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16
Q

Spleen

A

Circulatory system, attached to the left posterior sides of the stomach, stores and recycles red blood cells

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17
Q

Esophagus

A

Digestive system, travels from mouth dorsal to the trachea to the stomach, transports food eaten to the stomach

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18
Q

Small intestine

A

Digestive system, large mass of small tubes in the abdominal cavity, where most digestion and absorption of nutrients happens

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19
Q

Pyloric Sphincter

A

Digestive system, ring of muscles that regulates the speed that liquefied food passes from the stomach into the duodenum

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20
Q

Common Bile Duct

A

Digestive system, enters duodenum from the liver, bile from the liver accumulates in the gall bladder then enters the duodenum from this duct

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21
Q

Pancreas

A

Digestive system, produces digestive enzymes which enter the duodenum when food is present, also produces insulin which regulates the use of glucose by cells

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22
Q

Cecum

A

Blind tip of cecum corresponds to our appendix, in herbivores it houses a population of cellulose-digesting bacteria and protozoa

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23
Q

Large intestine

A

Digestive system, mass of large tubes on pig’s left posterior to the stomach, indigestible food material is decomposed here for later elimination

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24
Q

Rectum

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A

Where feces are held until they are eliminated

25
Pericardium
Circulatory system, tough but thin sac, helps protect the heart from injury and infection
26
Thymus gland
Immune system, gland embedded in the pericardium, essential in proper development of the immune system, making antibody precursors known as T-cells
27
Heart
Circulatory system, propels blood through the circulatory system, four chambers in mammals
28
Right/left Atrias
Circulatory system, smaller chambers on top of the heart, receives blood from veins, dark in appearance because of thin walls, right receives deoxygenated blood from the Vena Cava, left receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins coming from the lungs
29
Right/left Ventricles
Circulatory system, larger, muscular chambers posterior to Atrias, receive blood from Atrias, receive blood from corresponding Atria, right sends blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery, left sends blood to the whole body through the Dorsal Aorta
30
Anterior Vena Cava
Circulatory system, brings deoxygenated blood from the head, neck, and all anterior portions of the body into the right atria (Superior Vena Cava in humans)
31
Posterior Vena Cava
Circulatory system, brings deoxygenated blood from all posterior portions(posterior of the diaphragm) of the body into the right atrium
32
Pulmonary veins
Circulatory system, carries oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atria
33
Dorsal Aorta
Circulatory system, largest artery in the body, carries blood out of the left ventricle and pumps it throughout the body
34
Pulmonary artery
Circulatory system, carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs to be re-oxygenated
35
Coronary vessels
Circulatory system, system of vessels responsible for supplying cells of the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients as well as removing their carbon dioxide and wastes.
36
Semilunar valves
valves separating ventricles from the arteries that prevent backflow from the artery into the ventricle
37
Tricuspid and Bicuspid valves
valves separating atrias from their corresponding ventricles that prevent backflow from the ventricles into the atrias Tri-right Bi-left
38
Right/left carotid arteries
Circulatory system, on either side of the trachea, main suppliers of oxygenated blood to the head
39
Right/left internal jugular veins
Circulatory system, on either side of the trachea outside of the carotid arteries, returns deoxygenated blood from the head to the heart
40
Right/left external jugular veins
Circulatory system, on either side of the trachea outside of the internal jugular veins, returns deoxygenated blood from the dead to the heart
41
Trachea
Respiratory system, pipe made with rings of cartilage to prevent collapse, aka windpipe, airway from the back of the throat to the lungs
42
Thyroid gland
(? System), reddish brown gland on the trachea, produces hormone that regulates body metabolism
43
Larynx
Respiratory system, aka voice box, supports vocal chords and protects the trachea
44
Epiglottis
Digestive/Respiratory system, flap of tissue that gets folded over the opening of the trachea when swallowing, directing swallowed materials into the esophagus
45
Hard/soft palate
Digestive/Respiratory system, separate oral and nasal cavities hard- bone and cartilage, anterior roof of the mouth, helps with mechanical digestion soft- posterior, fleshy and soft
46
Bronchi
Respiratory system, cartilage ring pipes like the trachea, connect the trachea to the lungs
47
Bronchioles
Respiratory system, cartilage ring pipes like the trachea, smaller branches of the bronchi that ensure all parts of the lungs are connected
48
Lungs
Respiratory system, reddish sacs encircling the heart, organs of gas exchange for blood, bringing in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide
49
Diaphragm
Respiratory system, sheet of muscle separating the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity, runs the respiratory system by causing lungs to expand and contract
50
Kidneys
Urogenital system, shaped like kidney beans, lying against the back wall in the abdomen, remove nitrogen wastes in the form of urine, regulate ion concentrations, and maintain the body's water balance
51
Hepatic Portal Vein
Circulatory system?, arises from all the capillaries of the small intestine and carries absorbed nutrients to the liver for processing
52
Peritoneum
Digestive system, protective membrane that lines the abdominal cavity to protect organs
53
Abdominal Aorta
Circulatory system, carries oxygenated blood from the upper aorta to all of the posterior areas of the body
54
Caudal Vena Cava
Circulatory system, collects deoxygenated blood from from the posterior areas of the body to return it to the heart
55
Renal Arteries
Circulatory system, branch off the abdominal aorta carrying oxygen-rich waste filled blood into the kidneys
56
Renal veins
Circulatory system, emerge from the kidneys returning to the caudal vena cava with filtered, waste free blood that's become deoxygenated in kidney cells
57
Ureter
Urogenital system, carries urine posteriorly from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
58
Urinary bladder
Urogenital system, where urine is stored until it leaves the body
59
Urethra
Urogenital system, where urine exits from the urinary bladder

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