bio psych

Question 1

Exocytosis

Answer 1

When an action potential arrives, vesicles with neurotransmitter release their content in the synaptic cleft

Question 2

Calcium - role

Answer 2

It triggers exocytosis, depolarization of the pre- synaptic membrane leads to the opening of “voltage- dependent” calcium channels -> Calcium will flow into the cell

Question 3

Metabotropic receptors:

Answer 3

on channel opened an indirect way (by small protein in membrane or second messenger

Question 4

Regulation neurotransmitter concentration

Answer 4

Neurotransmitter cleared from synaptic cleft through diffusion, re- uptake, or degradation

Question 5

Neural crest

Answer 5

Neural crest cells form different tissues and anatomical structures (dorsal root ganglia, bones of the skull, pigment)

Question 6

Patella reflex

Answer 6

From neurons to behavior:

Question 7

Acetylcholine

Answer 7

learning memory dreaming

Question 8

Anatomical planes

Answer 8

saggital, soronal, transverse (horizontal)

Question 9

divided attention

Answer 9

paying attention to more than one thing at a time, for example when you listen in on the conversation while simultaneously playing the game.

Question 10

shadowing

Answer 10

a task in which a participant repeats aloud a message word for word at the same time that the message is being presented

Question 11

Dichotic listening:

Answer 11

participants are asked to wear headphones and attend to information presented to both ears (two channels), or a single ear (one channel) while ignoring anything presented in the opposite channel. Upon completion of a listening task, participants would then be asked to recall any details noticed about the unattended channel.

Question 12

Late selection models of attention

Answer 12

proposed that most of the incoming information is processed to the level of meaning before the message to be further processed is selected.

Question 13

perceptual load

Answer 13

“the amount of information involved in the processing of the task stimuli. It is related to the difficulty of a task. Easy, well-practiced tasks, have low perceptual loads

Question 14

stroop effect

Answer 14

a phenomenon that occurs when you must say the colour of a word but not the name of the word. This effect occurs because the names of the words cause a competing response and therefore slow responding to the target.

Question 15

overt attention

Answer 15

shifting attention from one place to another by moving the eyes.

Question 16

covert attention

Answer 16

shifting attention from on place to another while keeping the eyes stationary

Question 17

analytic organ (ear)

Answer 17

We perceive multiple different inputs as the different inputs

Question 18

synthetic organ (eye)

Answer 18

We perceive multiple different inputs as one whole.

Question 19

ossicles

Answer 19

part of the mid-ear. The vibrate with the frequency of sound to amplify the signal

Question 20

hair cells cilia

Answer 20

small hair like cells that are ordered by length. They are connected by tip links and the stretching of those tip links are responsible for the opening of the ion gated channels.

Question 21

somatosensation

Answer 21

he ability to feel differences in touch, temperature, and perceiving of pain

Question 22

Corpuscle

Answer 22

detects differences in vibrations. We have multiple different corpuscles in the body, some are used for high-frequencies and some for low-frequencies

Question 23

dermatome

Answer 23

a horizontal slice of the body. Each slice is server by one peripheral nerve.

Question 24

homunuclus

Answer 24

little ugly man or woman with no hair, big head, huge hands. This is what a human would look like if it was drawn by your somatotopic map

Question 25

Hebb rule

Answer 25

If a synapse is active at about the same time that the post synaptic

Question 26

long-term potentiation

Answer 26

enhancement of synaptic transmission, which can last for weeks, caused by repeated brief stimulations of one nerve cell that trigger stimulation of a succeeding cell.

Question 27

associative LTP

Answer 27

If a strong and weak synapse are activated together (and the postsynaptic neuron depolarizes) the weak synapse will become stronger

Question 28

Relational learning

Answer 28

linked to declarative, explicit memory. Relations in time (episodic), with concept (semantic) and in space (spatial navigation)

Question 29

ECS: elecroconvulsive shoc

Answer 29

used to treat depression, causing retrograde amnesia for the event around the time of stimulation. So basically we’re removing a part of STMactive at that moment)