bio quiz 1

Question 1

All living things….

Answer 1

• are made of cells
  -obtain energy and provide waste
• grow and develop
• reproduce
• respond to their environment
• adapt to their environment

Question 2

cell theory

Answer 2

1. all living things are composed of one or more cells
2. cells are the basic unit of life
3. all cells derive from the division of other cells

Question 3

essential task of cell

Answer 3

• obtain food and energy
• convert energy from an external source into a form that works within the cell
• construct and maintain the molecules that make up the cell structure
• carry out chemical reactions
• eliminate waste
• reproduce
• keep records of how to build structures (nucleus)

Question 4

hierarchy of cell anatomy

Answer 4

1. chemical level
2. celllar level
3. tissue level
4. organ level
5. system level
6. organism level

Question 5

cells

Answer 5

smallest unit of life

Question 6

tissues

Answer 6

cells that have similar shape and function
- there are 4 primary kinds in the human body

Question 7

organs

Answer 7

diff types of tissue that act together to accomplish a common goal

Question 8

organ system

Answer 8

group of organs that have related structure and function

Question 9

organism

Answer 9

living complex adaptive system of organs that influence each other in such a way that they function as a stable whole

Question 10

nucleus

Answer 10

• contains DNA that codes for all cellular functions
• command centre
• surrounded by a nuclear envelope for protection (double membrane)

Question 11

nucleolus

Answer 11

• little nucleous
• has RNA used to make ribosomes

Question 12

RER

Answer 12

• synthesizes and packages proteins to be sent to the golgi apparatus
• covered in ribosomes
• flattened membrane bound sacs and tubes

Question 13

SER

Answer 13

synthesizes phospholipids and other macromolecules (mostly lipids) for transport to other parts of the cell
- flattened membrane bound sacs and tubes

Question 14

cell membrane

Answer 14

• regulates what enters and exits the cell
• separate cell interior and exterior
• fluid mosaic structure (phospholipids bilayer with embedded proteins, carbs, and cholesterol)

Question 15

ribosome

Answer 15

2 types
-cytoplasmic
- bound too ER

• builds proteins (mostly enzymes)
• tiny organelle
• composed of sub units called large and small m

Question 16

golgi apparatus

Answer 16

• stack of flattened membrane bound sacs and tubes
• receives vesicles from ER and completes packaging of fats and proteins
• exports them out of cell

Question 17

mitochondria

Answer 17

• power house of the cell
• provides cell with useable energy by breaking down glucose to form ATP
  -double layer membrane
• have their own ribosomes and DNA

Question 18

lysosomes

Answer 18

• membrane bound vesicle
• has enzymes that break down waste products to be reused
  -composter

Question 19

cillia

Answer 19

• moves like a wave
• allows for movement
• short cylindrical projections

Question 20

flagella

Answer 20

• moves like a whip
• allows for movement
• long tail

Question 21

centrosomes (centrioles)

Answer 21

• near nucleus
• made of microtubules
  -organizes microtubes
• provides even distribution of products in cell division

Question 22

what do plant cells have that animal cells dont

Answer 22

• chloroplast
• central vacuole
• cell wall

Question 23

chloroplast

Answer 23

• double membrane
• contains chlorophyl and carries out photosynthesis
• stroma is fluid within
• thylakoid are disk like structures
• grana are stacks of stroma

Question 24

central vacuole

Answer 24

• membrane bound large storage sacs
• filled with water, sugars, minerals, proteins and toxins
• provides internal support by maintaining turgor pressure

Question 25

cell wall

Answer 25

- protects and supports the cell and allows materials to pass through the pores - rigid structure made of fibres that surround the cell membrane - adds strength and rigidity to cells

Question 26

biochemistry

Answer 26

- the study of the chemical processes and chemical transformations in living organisms ex. cellular respiration uses oxygen to convert to energy

Question 27

inorganic compounds

Answer 27

- can be created without the help of living organisms - does not contain C-H bonds - metal containing compounds

Question 28

organic compounds

Answer 28

- made by living organisms - containing C-H bonds - covalent bonds

Question 29

intramolecular forces

Answer 29

- within the molecule

Question 30

intermolecular forces

Answer 30

- between molecules

Question 31

water makes up about _____ body weight of most organisms

Answer 31

60-70%

Question 32

4 main types of reactions in biological systems

Answer 32

1. neutralization 2. redox 4. hydrolysis 5. condensation

Question 33

neutralizaion

Answer 33

acid-base, transfer hydrogen ions between molecules - form water and a salt

Question 34

redox

Answer 34

transfer electrons between molecules

Question 35

hydrolysis

Answer 35

using water to break apart larger molecules (decomp)

Question 36

condensation

Answer 36

dehydration synthesis - molecules react to form water as a byproduct

Question 37

acids and bases can be

Answer 37

inorganic or organic

Question 38

acids will ____ conc of h ions

Answer 38

increase

Question 39

bases will ____ conc. of h ions

Answer 39

decrease

Question 40

OH ions increase when ____ dissolve in water

Answer 40

bases