Bio regents vocab review

Question 1

ATP

Answer 1

adenosine triphosphate, the main energy carrier in cells

Question 2

DNA

Answer 2

genetic material found in all living organsims

Question 3

abiotic

Answer 3

non-living parents of an ecosystem(ex: sunlight and tempature)

Question 4

adaptation

Answer 4

a trait that helps an organsim survive and reproduce

Question 5

advantageous trait

Answer 5

a trait that increases an organsims fitness in a given environment

Question 6

allele

Answer 6

different forms of a gene (ex: dominant or recessive)

Question 7

amino acid sequence

Answer 7

The order of amino acids in a protein determines its structure and function

Question 8

anaerobic respiration

Answer 8

energy production in cells without oxygen; less effiecnt then aerobic

Question 9

antibody

Answer 9

a protein produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens

Question 10

biodiversty

Answer 10

The variety of life in an area, important for ecosystem stability

Question 11

biotic

Answer 11

living components of an ecosystem

Question 12

carbohydrate

Answer 12

organic molecule used for energy (sugar and starches)

Question 13

carrying capacity

Answer 13

the maximum population size an enviorment can support

Question 14

causational evidence

Answer 14

Evidence that shows one factor directly causes a change in another,

Question 15

cell differentitation

Answer 15

the process by which cells become specialized in structure and function

Question 16

cell receptor

Answer 16

a protein that recieves signals and initatites a response

Question 17

cellular respiration

Answer 17

the process by which cells release energy from glucose

Question 18

chloroplast

Answer 18

organelle in plants where photosynthesis takes place

Question 19

chromosome

Answer 19

a structure of dna that contains many genes

Question 20

circulatory system

Answer 20

transports oxygen, nutrients and waste throughout the body

Question 21

climate change

Answer 21

long-term changes in global temperature and weather patterns

Question 22

combustion

Answer 22

a chemical reaction that releases energy by burning carbon based substances

Question 23

common ancestry

Answer 23

the idea that different species share a common evolutionary origin

Question 24

competition

Answer 24

organsims fighting for the same limited resources

Question 25

correlational evidence

Answer 25

evidence that showsa relationship bewteen 2 variables, but not necessarily cause and effect(could have outside factors impoacting it)

Question 26

cytoplasam

Answer 26

the fluid inside a cell that holds organelles

Question 27

decomposer

Answer 27

organsim that breaks down dead material and recycles nutrients

Question 28

diffusion

Answer 28

movement of molecules from high to low concentration

Question 29

ecological succession

Answer 29

the natural process of change in an ecosystem over time

Question 30

ecosystem

Answer 30

a communtity of living and non living things interaction in an environment

Question 31

enzyme

Answer 31

protein that speeds up chemical reaction

Question 32

eutrophication

Answer 32

nutrient pollution that causes overgrowth of alae and depletes oxygen

Question 33

evidnece

Answer 33

scientific data used to support or refute a claim

Question 34

extinction

Answer 34

when all indviduals of a specices die out

Question 35

fossil record

Answer 35

Physical evidence of organisms from the past.

Question 36

gene

Answer 36

A segment of DNA that codes for a protein.

Question 37

genetic engineering

Answer 37

Direct manipulation of an organism’s DNA.

Question 38

genetic variation

Answer 38

Differences in DNA among individuals in a population.

Question 39

glucose

Answer 39

A sugar that is a major source of energy for cells.

Question 40

homeostasis

Answer 40

The process of maintaining a stable internal environment.

Question 41

hormone

Answer 41

chemical messenger that regulates body acitivties